perf(android): tighten startup path and add perf tooling

apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/android/MainActivity.kt

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 package ai.openclaw.android
 
-import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo
 import android.os.Bundle
 import android.view.WindowManager
-import android.webkit.WebView
 import androidx.activity.ComponentActivity
 import androidx.activity.compose.setContent
 import androidx.activity.viewModels
@@ -25,9 +23,6 @@ class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() {
   override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
     super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
     WindowCompat.setDecorFitsSystemWindows(window, false)
-    val isDebuggable = (applicationInfo.flags and ApplicationInfo.FLAG_DEBUGGABLE) != 0
-    WebView.setWebContentsDebuggingEnabled(isDebuggable)
-    NodeForegroundService.start(this)
     permissionRequester = PermissionRequester(this)
     screenCaptureRequester = ScreenCaptureRequester(this)
     viewModel.camera.attachLifecycleOwner(this)
@@ -55,6 +50,9 @@ class MainActivity : ComponentActivity() {
         }
       }
     }
+
+    // Keep startup path lean: start foreground service after first frame.
+    window.decorView.post { NodeForegroundService.start(this) }
   }
 
   override fun onStart() {

apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/android/SecurePrefs.kt

@@ -20,19 +20,21 @@ class SecurePrefs(context: Context) {
     val defaultWakeWords: List<String> = listOf("openclaw", "claude")
     private const val displayNameKey = "node.displayName"
     private const val voiceWakeModeKey = "voiceWake.mode"
+    private const val plainPrefsName = "openclaw.node"
+    private const val securePrefsName = "openclaw.node.secure"
   }
 
   private val appContext = context.applicationContext
   private val json = Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true }
+  private val plainPrefs: SharedPreferences =
+    appContext.getSharedPreferences(plainPrefsName, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
 
-  private val masterKey =
+  private val masterKey by lazy {
-    MasterKey.Builder(context)
+    MasterKey.Builder(appContext)
       .setKeyScheme(MasterKey.KeyScheme.AES256_GCM)
       .build()
-
-  private val prefs: SharedPreferences by lazy {
-    createPrefs(appContext, "openclaw.node.secure")
   }
+  private val securePrefs: SharedPreferences by lazy { createSecurePrefs(appContext, securePrefsName) }
 
   private val _instanceId = MutableStateFlow(loadOrCreateInstanceId())
   val instanceId: StateFlow<String> = _instanceId
@@ -41,52 +43,51 @@ class SecurePrefs(context: Context) {
     MutableStateFlow(loadOrMigrateDisplayName(context = context))
   val displayName: StateFlow<String> = _displayName
 
-  private val _cameraEnabled = MutableStateFlow(prefs.getBoolean("camera.enabled", true))
+  private val _cameraEnabled = MutableStateFlow(plainPrefs.getBoolean("camera.enabled", true))
   val cameraEnabled: StateFlow<Boolean> = _cameraEnabled
 
   private val _locationMode =
-    MutableStateFlow(LocationMode.fromRawValue(prefs.getString("location.enabledMode", "off")))
+    MutableStateFlow(LocationMode.fromRawValue(plainPrefs.getString("location.enabledMode", "off")))
   val locationMode: StateFlow<LocationMode> = _locationMode
 
   private val _locationPreciseEnabled =
-    MutableStateFlow(prefs.getBoolean("location.preciseEnabled", true))
+    MutableStateFlow(plainPrefs.getBoolean("location.preciseEnabled", true))
   val locationPreciseEnabled: StateFlow<Boolean> = _locationPreciseEnabled
 
-  private val _preventSleep = MutableStateFlow(prefs.getBoolean("screen.preventSleep", true))
+  private val _preventSleep = MutableStateFlow(plainPrefs.getBoolean("screen.preventSleep", true))
   val preventSleep: StateFlow<Boolean> = _preventSleep
 
   private val _manualEnabled =
-    MutableStateFlow(prefs.getBoolean("gateway.manual.enabled", false))
+    MutableStateFlow(plainPrefs.getBoolean("gateway.manual.enabled", false))
   val manualEnabled: StateFlow<Boolean> = _manualEnabled
 
   private val _manualHost =
-    MutableStateFlow(prefs.getString("gateway.manual.host", "") ?: "")
+    MutableStateFlow(plainPrefs.getString("gateway.manual.host", "") ?: "")
   val manualHost: StateFlow<String> = _manualHost
 
   private val _manualPort =
-    MutableStateFlow(prefs.getInt("gateway.manual.port", 18789))
+    MutableStateFlow(plainPrefs.getInt("gateway.manual.port", 18789))
   val manualPort: StateFlow<Int> = _manualPort
 
   private val _manualTls =
-    MutableStateFlow(prefs.getBoolean("gateway.manual.tls", true))
+    MutableStateFlow(plainPrefs.getBoolean("gateway.manual.tls", true))
   val manualTls: StateFlow<Boolean> = _manualTls
 
-  private val _gatewayToken =
+  private val _gatewayToken = MutableStateFlow("")
-    MutableStateFlow(prefs.getString("gateway.manual.token", "") ?: "")
   val gatewayToken: StateFlow<String> = _gatewayToken
 
   private val _onboardingCompleted =
-    MutableStateFlow(prefs.getBoolean("onboarding.completed", false))
+    MutableStateFlow(plainPrefs.getBoolean("onboarding.completed", false))
   val onboardingCompleted: StateFlow<Boolean> = _onboardingCompleted
 
   private val _lastDiscoveredStableId =
     MutableStateFlow(
-      prefs.getString("gateway.lastDiscoveredStableID", "") ?: "",
+      plainPrefs.getString("gateway.lastDiscoveredStableID", "") ?: "",
     )
   val lastDiscoveredStableId: StateFlow<String> = _lastDiscoveredStableId
 
   private val _canvasDebugStatusEnabled =
-    MutableStateFlow(prefs.getBoolean("canvas.debugStatusEnabled", false))
+    MutableStateFlow(plainPrefs.getBoolean("canvas.debugStatusEnabled", false))
   val canvasDebugStatusEnabled: StateFlow<Boolean> = _canvasDebugStatusEnabled
 
   private val _wakeWords = MutableStateFlow(loadWakeWords())
@@ -95,65 +96,65 @@ class SecurePrefs(context: Context) {
   private val _voiceWakeMode = MutableStateFlow(loadVoiceWakeMode())
   val voiceWakeMode: StateFlow<VoiceWakeMode> = _voiceWakeMode
 
-  private val _talkEnabled = MutableStateFlow(prefs.getBoolean("talk.enabled", false))
+  private val _talkEnabled = MutableStateFlow(plainPrefs.getBoolean("talk.enabled", false))
   val talkEnabled: StateFlow<Boolean> = _talkEnabled
 
   fun setLastDiscoveredStableId(value: String) {
     val trimmed = value.trim()
-    prefs.edit { putString("gateway.lastDiscoveredStableID", trimmed) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putString("gateway.lastDiscoveredStableID", trimmed) }
     _lastDiscoveredStableId.value = trimmed
   }
 
   fun setDisplayName(value: String) {
     val trimmed = value.trim()
-    prefs.edit { putString(displayNameKey, trimmed) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putString(displayNameKey, trimmed) }
     _displayName.value = trimmed
   }
 
   fun setCameraEnabled(value: Boolean) {
-    prefs.edit { putBoolean("camera.enabled", value) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putBoolean("camera.enabled", value) }
     _cameraEnabled.value = value
   }
 
   fun setLocationMode(mode: LocationMode) {
-    prefs.edit { putString("location.enabledMode", mode.rawValue) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putString("location.enabledMode", mode.rawValue) }
     _locationMode.value = mode
   }
 
   fun setLocationPreciseEnabled(value: Boolean) {
-    prefs.edit { putBoolean("location.preciseEnabled", value) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putBoolean("location.preciseEnabled", value) }
     _locationPreciseEnabled.value = value
   }
 
   fun setPreventSleep(value: Boolean) {
-    prefs.edit { putBoolean("screen.preventSleep", value) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putBoolean("screen.preventSleep", value) }
     _preventSleep.value = value
   }
 
   fun setManualEnabled(value: Boolean) {
-    prefs.edit { putBoolean("gateway.manual.enabled", value) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putBoolean("gateway.manual.enabled", value) }
     _manualEnabled.value = value
   }
 
   fun setManualHost(value: String) {
     val trimmed = value.trim()
-    prefs.edit { putString("gateway.manual.host", trimmed) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putString("gateway.manual.host", trimmed) }
     _manualHost.value = trimmed
   }
 
   fun setManualPort(value: Int) {
-    prefs.edit { putInt("gateway.manual.port", value) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putInt("gateway.manual.port", value) }
     _manualPort.value = value
   }
 
   fun setManualTls(value: Boolean) {
-    prefs.edit { putBoolean("gateway.manual.tls", value) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putBoolean("gateway.manual.tls", value) }
     _manualTls.value = value
   }
 
   fun setGatewayToken(value: String) {
     val trimmed = value.trim()
-    prefs.edit { putString("gateway.manual.token", trimmed) }
+    securePrefs.edit { putString("gateway.manual.token", trimmed) }
     _gatewayToken.value = trimmed
   }
 
@@ -162,62 +163,67 @@ class SecurePrefs(context: Context) {
   }
 
   fun setOnboardingCompleted(value: Boolean) {
-    prefs.edit { putBoolean("onboarding.completed", value) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putBoolean("onboarding.completed", value) }
     _onboardingCompleted.value = value
   }
 
   fun setCanvasDebugStatusEnabled(value: Boolean) {
-    prefs.edit { putBoolean("canvas.debugStatusEnabled", value) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putBoolean("canvas.debugStatusEnabled", value) }
     _canvasDebugStatusEnabled.value = value
   }
 
   fun loadGatewayToken(): String? {
-    val manual = _gatewayToken.value.trim()
+    val manual =
+      _gatewayToken.value.trim().ifEmpty {
+        val stored = securePrefs.getString("gateway.manual.token", null)?.trim().orEmpty()
+        if (stored.isNotEmpty()) _gatewayToken.value = stored
+        stored
+      }
     if (manual.isNotEmpty()) return manual
     val key = "gateway.token.${_instanceId.value}"
-    val stored = prefs.getString(key, null)?.trim()
+    val stored = securePrefs.getString(key, null)?.trim()
     return stored?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
   }
 
   fun saveGatewayToken(token: String) {
     val key = "gateway.token.${_instanceId.value}"
-    prefs.edit { putString(key, token.trim()) }
+    securePrefs.edit { putString(key, token.trim()) }
   }
 
   fun loadGatewayPassword(): String? {
     val key = "gateway.password.${_instanceId.value}"
-    val stored = prefs.getString(key, null)?.trim()
+    val stored = securePrefs.getString(key, null)?.trim()
     return stored?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
   }
 
   fun saveGatewayPassword(password: String) {
     val key = "gateway.password.${_instanceId.value}"
-    prefs.edit { putString(key, password.trim()) }
+    securePrefs.edit { putString(key, password.trim()) }
   }
 
   fun loadGatewayTlsFingerprint(stableId: String): String? {
     val key = "gateway.tls.$stableId"
-    return prefs.getString(key, null)?.trim()?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
+    return plainPrefs.getString(key, null)?.trim()?.takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
   }
 
   fun saveGatewayTlsFingerprint(stableId: String, fingerprint: String) {
     val key = "gateway.tls.$stableId"
-    prefs.edit { putString(key, fingerprint.trim()) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putString(key, fingerprint.trim()) }
   }
 
   fun getString(key: String): String? {
-    return prefs.getString(key, null)
+    return securePrefs.getString(key, null)
   }
 
   fun putString(key: String, value: String) {
-    prefs.edit { putString(key, value) }
+    securePrefs.edit { putString(key, value) }
   }
 
   fun remove(key: String) {
-    prefs.edit { remove(key) }
+    securePrefs.edit { remove(key) }
   }
 
-  private fun createPrefs(context: Context, name: String): SharedPreferences {
+  private fun createSecurePrefs(context: Context, name: String): SharedPreferences {
     return EncryptedSharedPreferences.create(
       context,
       name,
@@ -228,21 +234,21 @@ class SecurePrefs(context: Context) {
   }
 
   private fun loadOrCreateInstanceId(): String {
-    val existing = prefs.getString("node.instanceId", null)?.trim()
+    val existing = plainPrefs.getString("node.instanceId", null)?.trim()
     if (!existing.isNullOrBlank()) return existing
     val fresh = UUID.randomUUID().toString()
-    prefs.edit { putString("node.instanceId", fresh) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putString("node.instanceId", fresh) }
     return fresh
   }
 
   private fun loadOrMigrateDisplayName(context: Context): String {
-    val existing = prefs.getString(displayNameKey, null)?.trim().orEmpty()
+    val existing = plainPrefs.getString(displayNameKey, null)?.trim().orEmpty()
     if (existing.isNotEmpty() && existing != "Android Node") return existing
 
     val candidate = DeviceNames.bestDefaultNodeName(context).trim()
     val resolved = candidate.ifEmpty { "Android Node" }
 
-    prefs.edit { putString(displayNameKey, resolved) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putString(displayNameKey, resolved) }
     return resolved
   }
 
@@ -250,34 +256,34 @@ class SecurePrefs(context: Context) {
     val sanitized = WakeWords.sanitize(words, defaultWakeWords)
     val encoded =
       JsonArray(sanitized.map { JsonPrimitive(it) }).toString()
-    prefs.edit { putString("voiceWake.triggerWords", encoded) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putString("voiceWake.triggerWords", encoded) }
     _wakeWords.value = sanitized
   }
 
   fun setVoiceWakeMode(mode: VoiceWakeMode) {
-    prefs.edit { putString(voiceWakeModeKey, mode.rawValue) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putString(voiceWakeModeKey, mode.rawValue) }
     _voiceWakeMode.value = mode
   }
 
   fun setTalkEnabled(value: Boolean) {
-    prefs.edit { putBoolean("talk.enabled", value) }
+    plainPrefs.edit { putBoolean("talk.enabled", value) }
     _talkEnabled.value = value
   }
 
   private fun loadVoiceWakeMode(): VoiceWakeMode {
-    val raw = prefs.getString(voiceWakeModeKey, null)
+    val raw = plainPrefs.getString(voiceWakeModeKey, null)
     val resolved = VoiceWakeMode.fromRawValue(raw)
 
     // Default ON (foreground) when unset.
     if (raw.isNullOrBlank()) {
-      prefs.edit { putString(voiceWakeModeKey, resolved.rawValue) }
+      plainPrefs.edit { putString(voiceWakeModeKey, resolved.rawValue) }
     }
 
     return resolved
   }
 
   private fun loadWakeWords(): List<String> {
-    val raw = prefs.getString("voiceWake.triggerWords", null)?.trim()
+    val raw = plainPrefs.getString("voiceWake.triggerWords", null)?.trim()
     if (raw.isNullOrEmpty()) return defaultWakeWords
     return try {
       val element = json.parseToJsonElement(raw)
@@ -295,5 +301,4 @@ class SecurePrefs(context: Context) {
       defaultWakeWords
     }
   }
-
 }

apps/android/benchmark/build.gradle.kts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+plugins {
+  id("com.android.test")
+}
+
+android {
+  namespace = "ai.openclaw.android.benchmark"
+  compileSdk = 36
+
+  defaultConfig {
+    minSdk = 31
+    targetSdk = 36
+    testInstrumentationRunner = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
+    testInstrumentationRunnerArguments["androidx.benchmark.suppressErrors"] = "DEBUGGABLE,EMULATOR"
+  }
+
+  targetProjectPath = ":app"
+  experimentalProperties["android.experimental.self-instrumenting"] = true
+
+  compileOptions {
+    sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
+    targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
+  }
+}
+
+kotlin {
+  compilerOptions {
+    jvmTarget.set(org.jetbrains.kotlin.gradle.dsl.JvmTarget.JVM_17)
+    allWarningsAsErrors.set(true)
+  }
+}
+
+dependencies {
+  implementation("androidx.benchmark:benchmark-macro-junit4:1.4.1")
+  implementation("androidx.test.ext:junit:1.2.1")
+  implementation("androidx.test.uiautomator:uiautomator:2.4.0-alpha06")
+}

apps/android/benchmark/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/android/benchmark/StartupMacrobenchmark.kt

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package ai.openclaw.android.benchmark
+
+import androidx.benchmark.macro.CompilationMode
+import androidx.benchmark.macro.FrameTimingMetric
+import androidx.benchmark.macro.StartupMode
+import androidx.benchmark.macro.StartupTimingMetric
+import androidx.benchmark.macro.junit4.MacrobenchmarkRule
+import androidx.test.ext.junit.runners.AndroidJUnit4
+import androidx.test.platform.app.InstrumentationRegistry
+import androidx.test.uiautomator.UiDevice
+import org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue
+import org.junit.Rule
+import org.junit.Test
+import org.junit.runner.RunWith
+
+@RunWith(AndroidJUnit4::class)
+class StartupMacrobenchmark {
+  @get:Rule
+  val benchmarkRule = MacrobenchmarkRule()
+
+  private val packageName = "ai.openclaw.android"
+
+  @Test
+  fun coldStartup() {
+    runBenchmarkOrSkip {
+      benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
+        packageName = packageName,
+        metrics = listOf(StartupTimingMetric()),
+        startupMode = StartupMode.COLD,
+        compilationMode = CompilationMode.None(),
+        iterations = 10,
+      ) {
+        pressHome()
+        startActivityAndWait()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  fun startupAndScrollFrameTiming() {
+    runBenchmarkOrSkip {
+      benchmarkRule.measureRepeated(
+        packageName = packageName,
+        metrics = listOf(FrameTimingMetric()),
+        startupMode = StartupMode.WARM,
+        compilationMode = CompilationMode.None(),
+        iterations = 10,
+      ) {
+        startActivityAndWait()
+        val device = UiDevice.getInstance(InstrumentationRegistry.getInstrumentation())
+        val x = device.displayWidth / 2
+        val yStart = (device.displayHeight * 0.8f).toInt()
+        val yEnd = (device.displayHeight * 0.25f).toInt()
+        repeat(4) {
+          device.swipe(x, yStart, x, yEnd, 24)
+          device.waitForIdle()
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  private fun runBenchmarkOrSkip(run: () -> Unit) {
+    try {
+      run()
+    } catch (err: IllegalStateException) {
+      val message = err.message.orEmpty()
+      val knownDeviceIssue =
+        message.contains("Unable to confirm activity launch completion") ||
+          message.contains("no renderthread slices", ignoreCase = true)
+      if (knownDeviceIssue) {
+        assumeTrue("Skipping benchmark on this device: $message", false)
+      }
+      throw err
+    }
+  }
+}

apps/android/build.gradle.kts

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 plugins {
   id("com.android.application") version "9.0.1" apply false
+  id("com.android.test") version "9.0.1" apply false
   id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.compose") version "2.2.21" apply false
   id("org.jetbrains.kotlin.plugin.serialization") version "2.2.21" apply false
 }

apps/android/scripts/perf-startup-benchmark.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+ANDROID_DIR="$(cd -- "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
+RESULTS_DIR="$ANDROID_DIR/benchmark/results"
+CLASS_FILTER="ai.openclaw.android.benchmark.StartupMacrobenchmark#coldStartup"
+BASELINE_JSON=""
+
+usage() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage:
+  ./scripts/perf-startup-benchmark.sh [--baseline <benchmarkData.json>]
+
+Runs cold-start macrobenchmark only, then prints a compact summary.
+Also saves a timestamped snapshot JSON under benchmark/results/.
+If --baseline is omitted, compares against latest previous snapshot when available.
+EOF
+}
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --baseline)
+      BASELINE_JSON="${2:-}"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -h|--help)
+      usage
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "Unknown arg: $1" >&2
+      usage >&2
+      exit 2
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+if ! command -v jq >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "jq required but missing." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if ! command -v adb >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "adb required but missing." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+device_count="$(adb devices | awk 'NR>1 && $2=="device" {c+=1} END {print c+0}')"
+if [[ "$device_count" -lt 1 ]]; then
+  echo "No connected Android device (adb state=device)." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$RESULTS_DIR"
+
+run_log="$(mktemp -t openclaw-android-bench.XXXXXX.log)"
+trap 'rm -f "$run_log"' EXIT
+
+cd "$ANDROID_DIR"
+
+./gradlew :benchmark:connectedDebugAndroidTest \
+  -Pandroid.testInstrumentationRunnerArguments.class="$CLASS_FILTER" \
+  --console=plain \
+  >"$run_log" 2>&1
+
+latest_json="$(
+  find "$ANDROID_DIR/benchmark/build/outputs/connected_android_test_additional_output/debug/connected" \
+    -name '*benchmarkData.json' -type f \
+    | while IFS= read -r file; do
+        printf '%s\t%s\n' "$(stat -f '%m' "$file")" "$file"
+      done \
+    | sort -nr \
+    | head -n1 \
+    | cut -f2-
+)"
+
+if [[ -z "$latest_json" || ! -f "$latest_json" ]]; then
+  echo "benchmarkData.json not found after run." >&2
+  tail -n 120 "$run_log" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+timestamp="$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"
+snapshot_json="$RESULTS_DIR/startup-$timestamp.json"
+cp "$latest_json" "$snapshot_json"
+
+median_ms="$(jq -r '.benchmarks[] | select(.name=="coldStartup") | .metrics.timeToInitialDisplayMs.median' "$snapshot_json")"
+min_ms="$(jq -r '.benchmarks[] | select(.name=="coldStartup") | .metrics.timeToInitialDisplayMs.minimum' "$snapshot_json")"
+max_ms="$(jq -r '.benchmarks[] | select(.name=="coldStartup") | .metrics.timeToInitialDisplayMs.maximum' "$snapshot_json")"
+cov="$(jq -r '.benchmarks[] | select(.name=="coldStartup") | .metrics.timeToInitialDisplayMs.coefficientOfVariation' "$snapshot_json")"
+device="$(jq -r '.context.build.model' "$snapshot_json")"
+sdk="$(jq -r '.context.build.version.sdk' "$snapshot_json")"
+runs_count="$(jq -r '.benchmarks[] | select(.name=="coldStartup") | .metrics.timeToInitialDisplayMs.runs | length' "$snapshot_json")"
+
+printf 'startup.cold.median_ms=%.3f min_ms=%.3f max_ms=%.3f cov=%.4f runs=%s device=%s sdk=%s\n' \
+  "$median_ms" "$min_ms" "$max_ms" "$cov" "$runs_count" "$device" "$sdk"
+echo "snapshot_json=$snapshot_json"
+
+if [[ -z "$BASELINE_JSON" ]]; then
+  BASELINE_JSON="$(
+    find "$RESULTS_DIR" -name 'startup-*.json' -type f \
+      | while IFS= read -r file; do
+          if [[ "$file" == "$snapshot_json" ]]; then
+            continue
+          fi
+          printf '%s\t%s\n' "$(stat -f '%m' "$file")" "$file"
+        done \
+      | sort -nr \
+      | head -n1 \
+      | cut -f2-
+  )"
+fi
+
+if [[ -n "$BASELINE_JSON" ]]; then
+  if [[ ! -f "$BASELINE_JSON" ]]; then
+    echo "Baseline file missing: $BASELINE_JSON" >&2
+    exit 1
+  fi
+  base_median="$(jq -r '.benchmarks[] | select(.name=="coldStartup") | .metrics.timeToInitialDisplayMs.median' "$BASELINE_JSON")"
+  delta_ms="$(awk -v a="$median_ms" -v b="$base_median" 'BEGIN { printf "%.3f", (a-b) }')"
+  delta_pct="$(awk -v a="$median_ms" -v b="$base_median" 'BEGIN { if (b==0) { print "nan" } else { printf "%.2f", ((a-b)/b)*100 } }')"
+  echo "baseline_median_ms=$base_median delta_ms=$delta_ms delta_pct=$delta_pct%"
+fi

apps/android/scripts/perf-startup-hotspots.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd -- "$(dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+ANDROID_DIR="$(cd -- "$SCRIPT_DIR/.." && pwd)"
+
+PACKAGE="ai.openclaw.android"
+ACTIVITY=".MainActivity"
+DURATION_SECONDS="10"
+OUTPUT_PERF_DATA=""
+
+usage() {
+  cat <<'EOF'
+Usage:
+  ./scripts/perf-startup-hotspots.sh [--package <pkg>] [--activity <activity>] [--duration <sec>] [--out <perf.data>]
+
+Captures startup CPU profile via simpleperf (app_profiler.py), then prints concise hotspot summaries.
+Default package/activity target OpenClaw Android startup.
+EOF
+}
+
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+  case "$1" in
+    --package)
+      PACKAGE="${2:-}"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --activity)
+      ACTIVITY="${2:-}"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --duration)
+      DURATION_SECONDS="${2:-}"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    --out)
+      OUTPUT_PERF_DATA="${2:-}"
+      shift 2
+      ;;
+    -h|--help)
+      usage
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "Unknown arg: $1" >&2
+      usage >&2
+      exit 2
+      ;;
+  esac
+done
+
+if ! command -v uv >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "uv required but missing." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if ! command -v adb >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+  echo "adb required but missing." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ -z "$OUTPUT_PERF_DATA" ]]; then
+  OUTPUT_PERF_DATA="/tmp/openclaw-startup-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S).perf.data"
+fi
+
+device_count="$(adb devices | awk 'NR>1 && $2=="device" {c+=1} END {print c+0}')"
+if [[ "$device_count" -lt 1 ]]; then
+  echo "No connected Android device (adb state=device)." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+simpleperf_dir=""
+if [[ -n "${ANDROID_NDK_HOME:-}" && -f "${ANDROID_NDK_HOME}/simpleperf/app_profiler.py" ]]; then
+  simpleperf_dir="${ANDROID_NDK_HOME}/simpleperf"
+elif [[ -n "${ANDROID_NDK_ROOT:-}" && -f "${ANDROID_NDK_ROOT}/simpleperf/app_profiler.py" ]]; then
+  simpleperf_dir="${ANDROID_NDK_ROOT}/simpleperf"
+else
+  latest_simpleperf="$(ls -d "${HOME}/Library/Android/sdk/ndk/"*/simpleperf 2>/dev/null | sort -V | tail -n1 || true)"
+  if [[ -n "$latest_simpleperf" && -f "$latest_simpleperf/app_profiler.py" ]]; then
+    simpleperf_dir="$latest_simpleperf"
+  fi
+fi
+
+if [[ -z "$simpleperf_dir" ]]; then
+  echo "simpleperf not found. Set ANDROID_NDK_HOME or install NDK under ~/Library/Android/sdk/ndk/." >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+app_profiler="$simpleperf_dir/app_profiler.py"
+report_py="$simpleperf_dir/report.py"
+ndk_path="$(cd -- "$simpleperf_dir/.." && pwd)"
+
+tmp_dir="$(mktemp -d -t openclaw-android-hotspots.XXXXXX)"
+trap 'rm -rf "$tmp_dir"' EXIT
+
+capture_log="$tmp_dir/capture.log"
+dso_csv="$tmp_dir/dso.csv"
+symbols_csv="$tmp_dir/symbols.csv"
+children_txt="$tmp_dir/children.txt"
+
+cd "$ANDROID_DIR"
+./gradlew :app:installDebug --console=plain >"$tmp_dir/install.log" 2>&1
+
+if ! uv run --no-project python3 "$app_profiler" \
+  -p "$PACKAGE" \
+  -a "$ACTIVITY" \
+  -o "$OUTPUT_PERF_DATA" \
+  --ndk_path "$ndk_path" \
+  -r "-e task-clock:u -f 1000 -g --duration $DURATION_SECONDS" \
+  >"$capture_log" 2>&1; then
+  echo "simpleperf capture failed. tail(capture_log):" >&2
+  tail -n 120 "$capture_log" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+uv run --no-project python3 "$report_py" \
+  -i "$OUTPUT_PERF_DATA" \
+  --sort dso \
+  --csv \
+  --csv-separator "|" \
+  --include-process-name "$PACKAGE" \
+  >"$dso_csv" 2>"$tmp_dir/report-dso.err"
+
+uv run --no-project python3 "$report_py" \
+  -i "$OUTPUT_PERF_DATA" \
+  --sort dso,symbol \
+  --csv \
+  --csv-separator "|" \
+  --include-process-name "$PACKAGE" \
+  >"$symbols_csv" 2>"$tmp_dir/report-symbols.err"
+
+uv run --no-project python3 "$report_py" \
+  -i "$OUTPUT_PERF_DATA" \
+  --children \
+  --sort dso,symbol \
+  -n \
+  --percent-limit 0.2 \
+  --include-process-name "$PACKAGE" \
+  >"$children_txt" 2>"$tmp_dir/report-children.err"
+
+clean_csv() {
+  awk 'BEGIN{print_on=0} /^Overhead\|/{print_on=1} print_on==1{print}' "$1"
+}
+
+echo "perf_data=$OUTPUT_PERF_DATA"
+echo
+echo "top_dso_self:"
+clean_csv "$dso_csv" | tail -n +2 | awk -F'|' 'NR<=10 {printf "  %s  %s\n", $1, $2}'
+echo
+echo "top_symbols_self:"
+clean_csv "$symbols_csv" | tail -n +2 | awk -F'|' 'NR<=20 {printf "  %s  %s :: %s\n", $1, $2, $3}'
+echo
+echo "app_path_clues_children:"
+rg 'androidx\.compose|MainActivity|NodeRuntime|NodeForegroundService|SecurePrefs|WebView|libwebviewchromium' "$children_txt" | awk 'NR<=20 {print}' || true

apps/android/settings.gradle.kts

@@ -16,3 +16,4 @@ dependencyResolutionManagement {
 
 rootProject.name = "OpenClawNodeAndroid"
 include(":app")
+include(":benchmark")