diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 68160d453..7f5be40df 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai
 - Gateway/status self version reporting: make Gateway self version in `openclaw status` prefer runtime `VERSION` (while preserving explicit `OPENCLAW_VERSION` override), preventing stale post-upgrade app version output. (#32655) thanks @liuxiaopai-ai.
 - Memory/QMD index isolation: set `QMD_CONFIG_DIR` alongside `XDG_CONFIG_HOME` so QMD config state stays per-agent despite upstream XDG handling bugs, preventing cross-agent collection indexing and excess disk/CPU usage. (#27028) thanks @HenryLoenwind.
 - Memory/QMD collection safety: stop destructive collection rebinds when QMD `collection list` only reports names without path metadata, preventing `memory search` from dropping existing collections if re-add fails. (#36870) Thanks @Adnannnnnnna.
+- Memory/QMD duplicate-document recovery: detect `UNIQUE constraint failed: documents.collection, documents.path` update failures, rebuild managed collections once, and retry update so periodic QMD syncs recover instead of failing every run; includes regression coverage to avoid over-matching unrelated unique constraints. (#27649) Thanks @MiscMich.
 - Memory/local embedding initialization hardening: add regression coverage for transient initialization retry and mixed `embedQuery` + `embedBatch` concurrent startup to lock single-flight initialization behavior. (#15639) thanks @SubtleSpark.
 - CLI/Coding-agent reliability: switch default `claude-cli` non-interactive args to `--permission-mode bypassPermissions`, auto-normalize legacy `--dangerously-skip-permissions` backend overrides to the modern permission-mode form, align coding-agent + live-test docs with the non-PTY Claude path, and emit session system-event heartbeat notices when CLI watchdog no-output timeouts terminate runs. Related to #28261. Landed from contributor PRs #28610 and #31149. Thanks @niceysam, @cryptomaltese and @vincentkoc.
 - ACP/ACPX session bootstrap: retry with `sessions new` when `sessions ensure` returns no session identifiers so ACP spawns avoid `NO_SESSION`/`ACP_TURN_FAILED` failures on affected agents. Related to #28786. Landed from contributor PR #31338. Thanks @Sid-Qin and @vincentkoc.
diff --git a/src/memory/qmd-manager.test.ts b/src/memory/qmd-manager.test.ts
index 43f7c55be..452d39d2d 100644
--- a/src/memory/qmd-manager.test.ts
+++ b/src/memory/qmd-manager.test.ts
@@ -691,6 +691,98 @@ describe("QmdMemoryManager", () => {
     await manager.close();
   });
 
+  it("rebuilds managed collections once when qmd update hits duplicate document constraint", async () => {
+    cfg = {
+      ...cfg,
+      memory: {
+        backend: "qmd",
+        qmd: {
+          includeDefaultMemory: true,
+          update: { interval: "0s", debounceMs: 0, onBoot: false },
+          paths: [],
+        },
+      },
+    } as OpenClawConfig;
+
+    let updateCalls = 0;
+    spawnMock.mockImplementation((_cmd: string, args: string[]) => {
+      if (args[0] === "update") {
+        updateCalls += 1;
+        const child = createMockChild({ autoClose: false });
+        if (updateCalls === 1) {
+          emitAndClose(
+            child,
+            "stderr",
+            "SQLiteError: UNIQUE constraint failed: documents.collection, documents.path",
+            1,
+          );
+          return child;
+        }
+        queueMicrotask(() => {
+          child.closeWith(0);
+        });
+        return child;
+      }
+      return createMockChild();
+    });
+
+    const { manager } = await createManager({ mode: "status" });
+    await expect(manager.sync({ reason: "manual" })).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+    const removeCalls = spawnMock.mock.calls
+      .map((call: unknown[]) => call[1] as string[])
+      .filter((args: string[]) => args[0] === "collection" && args[1] === "remove")
+      .map((args) => args[2]);
+    const addCalls = spawnMock.mock.calls
+      .map((call: unknown[]) => call[1] as string[])
+      .filter((args: string[]) => args[0] === "collection" && args[1] === "add")
+      .map((args) => args[args.indexOf("--name") + 1]);
+
+    expect(updateCalls).toBe(2);
+    expect(removeCalls).toEqual(["memory-root-main", "memory-alt-main", "memory-dir-main"]);
+    expect(addCalls).toEqual(["memory-root-main", "memory-alt-main", "memory-dir-main"]);
+    expect(logWarnMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining("duplicate document constraint"),
+    );
+
+    await manager.close();
+  });
+
+  it("does not rebuild collections for unrelated unique constraint failures", async () => {
+    cfg = {
+      ...cfg,
+      memory: {
+        backend: "qmd",
+        qmd: {
+          includeDefaultMemory: true,
+          update: { interval: "0s", debounceMs: 0, onBoot: false },
+          paths: [],
+        },
+      },
+    } as OpenClawConfig;
+
+    spawnMock.mockImplementation((_cmd: string, args: string[]) => {
+      if (args[0] === "update") {
+        const child = createMockChild({ autoClose: false });
+        emitAndClose(child, "stderr", "SQLiteError: UNIQUE constraint failed: documents.docid", 1);
+        return child;
+      }
+      return createMockChild();
+    });
+
+    const { manager } = await createManager({ mode: "status" });
+    await expect(manager.sync({ reason: "manual" })).rejects.toThrow(
+      "SQLiteError: UNIQUE constraint failed: documents.docid",
+    );
+
+    const removeCalls = spawnMock.mock.calls
+      .map((call: unknown[]) => call[1] as string[])
+      .filter((args: string[]) => args[0] === "collection" && args[1] === "remove");
+    expect(removeCalls).toHaveLength(0);
+
+    await manager.close();
+  });
+
   it("does not rebuild collections for generic qmd update failures", async () => {
     cfg = {
       ...cfg,
diff --git a/src/memory/qmd-manager.ts b/src/memory/qmd-manager.ts
index 454cad683..4452a7f34 100644
--- a/src/memory/qmd-manager.ts
+++ b/src/memory/qmd-manager.ts
@@ -215,6 +215,7 @@ export class QmdMemoryManager implements MemorySearchManager {
   private embedBackoffUntil: number | null = null;
   private embedFailureCount = 0;
   private attemptedNullByteCollectionRepair = false;
+  private attemptedDuplicateDocumentRepair = false;
 
   private constructor(params: {
     cfg: OpenClawConfig;
@@ -601,17 +602,17 @@ export class QmdMemoryManager implements MemorySearchManager {
     );
   }
 
-  private async tryRepairNullByteCollections(err: unknown, reason: string): Promise<boolean> {
-    if (this.attemptedNullByteCollectionRepair) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    if (!this.shouldRepairNullByteCollectionError(err)) {
-      return false;
-    }
-    this.attemptedNullByteCollectionRepair = true;
-    log.warn(
-      `qmd update failed with suspected null-byte collection metadata (${reason}); rebuilding managed collections and retrying once`,
+  private shouldRepairDuplicateDocumentConstraint(err: unknown): boolean {
+    const message = err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err);
+    const lower = message.toLowerCase();
+    return (
+      lower.includes("unique constraint failed") &&
+      lower.includes("documents.collection") &&
+      lower.includes("documents.path")
     );
+  }
+
+  private async rebuildManagedCollectionsForRepair(reason: string): Promise<void> {
     for (const collection of this.qmd.collections) {
       try {
         await this.removeCollection(collection.name);
@@ -630,6 +631,39 @@ export class QmdMemoryManager implements MemorySearchManager {
         }
       }
     }
+    log.warn(`qmd managed collections rebuilt for update repair (${reason})`);
+  }
+
+  private async tryRepairNullByteCollections(err: unknown, reason: string): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (this.attemptedNullByteCollectionRepair) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!this.shouldRepairNullByteCollectionError(err)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    this.attemptedNullByteCollectionRepair = true;
+    log.warn(
+      `qmd update failed with suspected null-byte collection metadata (${reason}); rebuilding managed collections and retrying once`,
+    );
+    await this.rebuildManagedCollectionsForRepair(`null-byte metadata (${reason})`);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  private async tryRepairDuplicateDocumentConstraint(
+    err: unknown,
+    reason: string,
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    if (this.attemptedDuplicateDocumentRepair) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (!this.shouldRepairDuplicateDocumentConstraint(err)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    this.attemptedDuplicateDocumentRepair = true;
+    log.warn(
+      `qmd update failed with duplicate document constraint (${reason}); rebuilding managed collections and retrying once`,
+    );
+    await this.rebuildManagedCollectionsForRepair(`duplicate-document constraint (${reason})`);
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -962,7 +996,10 @@ export class QmdMemoryManager implements MemorySearchManager {
         discardOutput: true,
       });
     } catch (err) {
-      if (!(await this.tryRepairNullByteCollections(err, reason))) {
+      if (
+        !(await this.tryRepairNullByteCollections(err, reason)) &&
+        !(await this.tryRepairDuplicateDocumentConstraint(err, reason))
+      ) {
         throw err;
       }
       await this.runQmd(["update"], {