diff --git a/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.startup.test.ts b/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.startup.test.ts
index 5abd61cc5..2c142e85e 100644
--- a/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.startup.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.startup.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk";
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { monitorFeishuProvider, stopFeishuMonitor } from "./monitor.js";
 
 const probeFeishuMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
 
@@ -12,7 +13,22 @@ vi.mock("./client.js", () => ({
   createEventDispatcher: vi.fn(() => ({ register: vi.fn() })),
 }));
 
-import { monitorFeishuProvider, stopFeishuMonitor } from "./monitor.js";
+vi.mock("./runtime.js", () => ({
+  getFeishuRuntime: () => ({
+    channel: {
+      debounce: {
+        resolveInboundDebounceMs: () => 0,
+        createInboundDebouncer: () => ({
+          enqueue: async () => {},
+          flushKey: async () => {},
+        }),
+      },
+      text: {
+        hasControlCommand: () => false,
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+}));
 
 function buildMultiAccountWebsocketConfig(accountIds: string[]): ClawdbotConfig {
   return {
diff --git a/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.webhook-security.test.ts b/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.webhook-security.test.ts
index b98450092..bca56edb5 100644
--- a/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.webhook-security.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/feishu/src/monitor.webhook-security.test.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,34 @@ import { createServer } from "node:http";
 import type { AddressInfo } from "node:net";
 import type { ClawdbotConfig } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk";
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import { probeFeishuMock } from "./monitor.test-mocks.js";
+
+const probeFeishuMock = vi.hoisted(() => vi.fn());
+
+vi.mock("./probe.js", () => ({
+  probeFeishu: probeFeishuMock,
+}));
+
+vi.mock("./client.js", () => ({
+  createFeishuWSClient: vi.fn(() => ({ start: vi.fn() })),
+  createEventDispatcher: vi.fn(() => ({ register: vi.fn() })),
+}));
+
+vi.mock("./runtime.js", () => ({
+  getFeishuRuntime: () => ({
+    channel: {
+      debounce: {
+        resolveInboundDebounceMs: () => 0,
+        createInboundDebouncer: () => ({
+          enqueue: async () => {},
+          flushKey: async () => {},
+        }),
+      },
+      text: {
+        hasControlCommand: () => false,
+      },
+    },
+  }),
+}));
 
 vi.mock("@larksuiteoapi/node-sdk", () => ({
   adaptDefault: vi.fn(
diff --git a/src/agents/models-config.ts b/src/agents/models-config.ts
index 3de079426..e31d61044 100644
--- a/src/agents/models-config.ts
+++ b/src/agents/models-config.ts
@@ -111,6 +111,95 @@ async function readJson(pathname: string): Promise<unknown> {
   }
 }
 
+async function resolveProvidersForModelsJson(params: {
+  cfg: OpenClawConfig;
+  agentDir: string;
+}): Promise<Record<string, ProviderConfig>> {
+  const { cfg, agentDir } = params;
+  const explicitProviders = cfg.models?.providers ?? {};
+  const implicitProviders = await resolveImplicitProviders({ agentDir, explicitProviders });
+  const providers: Record<string, ProviderConfig> = mergeProviders({
+    implicit: implicitProviders,
+    explicit: explicitProviders,
+  });
+
+  const implicitBedrock = await resolveImplicitBedrockProvider({ agentDir, config: cfg });
+  if (implicitBedrock) {
+    const existing = providers["amazon-bedrock"];
+    providers["amazon-bedrock"] = existing
+      ? mergeProviderModels(implicitBedrock, existing)
+      : implicitBedrock;
+  }
+
+  const implicitCopilot = await resolveImplicitCopilotProvider({ agentDir });
+  if (implicitCopilot && !providers["github-copilot"]) {
+    providers["github-copilot"] = implicitCopilot;
+  }
+  return providers;
+}
+
+function mergeWithExistingProviderSecrets(params: {
+  nextProviders: Record<string, ProviderConfig>;
+  existingProviders: Record<string, NonNullable<ModelsConfig["providers"]>[string]>;
+}): Record<string, ProviderConfig> {
+  const { nextProviders, existingProviders } = params;
+  const mergedProviders: Record<string, ProviderConfig> = {};
+  for (const [key, entry] of Object.entries(existingProviders)) {
+    mergedProviders[key] = entry;
+  }
+  for (const [key, newEntry] of Object.entries(nextProviders)) {
+    const existing = existingProviders[key] as
+      | (NonNullable<ModelsConfig["providers"]>[string] & {
+          apiKey?: string;
+          baseUrl?: string;
+        })
+      | undefined;
+    if (!existing) {
+      mergedProviders[key] = newEntry;
+      continue;
+    }
+    const preserved: Record<string, unknown> = {};
+    if (typeof existing.apiKey === "string" && existing.apiKey) {
+      preserved.apiKey = existing.apiKey;
+    }
+    if (typeof existing.baseUrl === "string" && existing.baseUrl) {
+      preserved.baseUrl = existing.baseUrl;
+    }
+    mergedProviders[key] = { ...newEntry, ...preserved };
+  }
+  return mergedProviders;
+}
+
+async function resolveProvidersForMode(params: {
+  mode: NonNullable<ModelsConfig["mode"]>;
+  targetPath: string;
+  providers: Record<string, ProviderConfig>;
+}): Promise<Record<string, ProviderConfig>> {
+  if (params.mode !== "merge") {
+    return params.providers;
+  }
+  const existing = await readJson(params.targetPath);
+  if (!isRecord(existing) || !isRecord(existing.providers)) {
+    return params.providers;
+  }
+  const existingProviders = existing.providers as Record<
+    string,
+    NonNullable<ModelsConfig["providers"]>[string]
+  >;
+  return mergeWithExistingProviderSecrets({
+    nextProviders: params.providers,
+    existingProviders,
+  });
+}
+
+async function readRawFile(pathname: string): Promise<string> {
+  try {
+    return await fs.readFile(pathname, "utf8");
+  } catch {
+    return "";
+  }
+}
+
 export async function ensureOpenClawModelsJson(
   config?: OpenClawConfig,
   agentDirOverride?: string,
@@ -124,23 +213,7 @@ export async function ensureOpenClawModelsJson(
   // through the full loadConfig() pipeline which applies these.
   applyConfigEnvVars(cfg);
 
-  const explicitProviders = cfg.models?.providers ?? {};
-  const implicitProviders = await resolveImplicitProviders({ agentDir, explicitProviders });
-  const providers: Record<string, ProviderConfig> = mergeProviders({
-    implicit: implicitProviders,
-    explicit: explicitProviders,
-  });
-  const implicitBedrock = await resolveImplicitBedrockProvider({ agentDir, config: cfg });
-  if (implicitBedrock) {
-    const existing = providers["amazon-bedrock"];
-    providers["amazon-bedrock"] = existing
-      ? mergeProviderModels(implicitBedrock, existing)
-      : implicitBedrock;
-  }
-  const implicitCopilot = await resolveImplicitCopilotProvider({ agentDir });
-  if (implicitCopilot && !providers["github-copilot"]) {
-    providers["github-copilot"] = implicitCopilot;
-  }
+  const providers = await resolveProvidersForModelsJson({ cfg, agentDir });
 
   if (Object.keys(providers).length === 0) {
     return { agentDir, wrote: false };
@@ -148,53 +221,18 @@ export async function ensureOpenClawModelsJson(
 
   const mode = cfg.models?.mode ?? DEFAULT_MODE;
   const targetPath = path.join(agentDir, "models.json");
-
-  let mergedProviders = providers;
-  let existingRaw = "";
-  if (mode === "merge") {
-    const existing = await readJson(targetPath);
-    if (isRecord(existing) && isRecord(existing.providers)) {
-      const existingProviders = existing.providers as Record<
-        string,
-        NonNullable<ModelsConfig["providers"]>[string]
-      >;
-      mergedProviders = {};
-      for (const [key, entry] of Object.entries(existingProviders)) {
-        mergedProviders[key] = entry;
-      }
-      for (const [key, newEntry] of Object.entries(providers)) {
-        const existing = existingProviders[key] as
-          | (NonNullable<ModelsConfig["providers"]>[string] & {
-              apiKey?: string;
-              baseUrl?: string;
-            })
-          | undefined;
-        if (existing) {
-          const preserved: Record<string, unknown> = {};
-          if (typeof existing.apiKey === "string" && existing.apiKey) {
-            preserved.apiKey = existing.apiKey;
-          }
-          if (typeof existing.baseUrl === "string" && existing.baseUrl) {
-            preserved.baseUrl = existing.baseUrl;
-          }
-          mergedProviders[key] = { ...newEntry, ...preserved };
-        } else {
-          mergedProviders[key] = newEntry;
-        }
-      }
-    }
-  }
+  const mergedProviders = await resolveProvidersForMode({
+    mode,
+    targetPath,
+    providers,
+  });
 
   const normalizedProviders = normalizeProviders({
     providers: mergedProviders,
     agentDir,
   });
   const next = `${JSON.stringify({ providers: normalizedProviders }, null, 2)}\n`;
-  try {
-    existingRaw = await fs.readFile(targetPath, "utf8");
-  } catch {
-    existingRaw = "";
-  }
+  const existingRaw = await readRawFile(targetPath);
 
   if (existingRaw === next) {
     return { agentDir, wrote: false };
diff --git a/src/auto-reply/inbound-debounce.ts b/src/auto-reply/inbound-debounce.ts
index 38d20d2fa..5dc26a6b4 100644
--- a/src/auto-reply/inbound-debounce.ts
+++ b/src/auto-reply/inbound-debounce.ts
@@ -39,14 +39,16 @@ type DebounceBuffer<T> = {
   debounceMs: number;
 };
 
-export function createInboundDebouncer<T>(params: {
+export type InboundDebounceCreateParams<T> = {
   debounceMs: number;
   buildKey: (item: T) => string | null | undefined;
   shouldDebounce?: (item: T) => boolean;
   resolveDebounceMs?: (item: T) => number | undefined;
   onFlush: (items: T[]) => Promise<void>;
   onError?: (err: unknown, items: T[]) => void;
-}) {
+};
+
+export function createInboundDebouncer<T>(params: InboundDebounceCreateParams<T>) {
   const buffers = new Map<string, DebounceBuffer<T>>();
   const defaultDebounceMs = Math.max(0, Math.trunc(params.debounceMs));
 
diff --git a/src/channels/inbound-debounce-policy.test.ts b/src/channels/inbound-debounce-policy.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f17276aa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/channels/inbound-debounce-policy.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import {
+  createChannelInboundDebouncer,
+  shouldDebounceTextInbound,
+} from "./inbound-debounce-policy.js";
+
+describe("shouldDebounceTextInbound", () => {
+  it("rejects blank text, media, and control commands", () => {
+    const cfg = {} as Parameters<typeof shouldDebounceTextInbound>[0]["cfg"];
+
+    expect(shouldDebounceTextInbound({ text: "   ", cfg })).toBe(false);
+    expect(shouldDebounceTextInbound({ text: "hello", cfg, hasMedia: true })).toBe(false);
+    expect(shouldDebounceTextInbound({ text: "/status", cfg })).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it("accepts normal text when debounce is allowed", () => {
+    const cfg = {} as Parameters<typeof shouldDebounceTextInbound>[0]["cfg"];
+    expect(shouldDebounceTextInbound({ text: "hello there", cfg })).toBe(true);
+    expect(shouldDebounceTextInbound({ text: "hello there", cfg, allowDebounce: false })).toBe(
+      false,
+    );
+  });
+});
+
+describe("createChannelInboundDebouncer", () => {
+  it("resolves per-channel debounce and forwards callbacks", async () => {
+    vi.useFakeTimers();
+    try {
+      const flushed: string[][] = [];
+      const cfg = {
+        messages: {
+          inbound: {
+            debounceMs: 10,
+            byChannel: {
+              slack: 25,
+            },
+          },
+        },
+      } as Parameters<typeof createChannelInboundDebouncer<{ id: string }>>[0]["cfg"];
+
+      const { debounceMs, debouncer } = createChannelInboundDebouncer<{ id: string }>({
+        cfg,
+        channel: "slack",
+        buildKey: (item) => item.id,
+        onFlush: async (items) => {
+          flushed.push(items.map((entry) => entry.id));
+        },
+      });
+
+      expect(debounceMs).toBe(25);
+
+      await debouncer.enqueue({ id: "a" });
+      await debouncer.enqueue({ id: "a" });
+      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(30);
+
+      expect(flushed).toEqual([["a", "a"]]);
+    } finally {
+      vi.useRealTimers();
+    }
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/channels/inbound-debounce-policy.ts b/src/channels/inbound-debounce-policy.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7101ba6f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/channels/inbound-debounce-policy.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import { hasControlCommand } from "../auto-reply/command-detection.js";
+import type { CommandNormalizeOptions } from "../auto-reply/commands-registry.js";
+import {
+  createInboundDebouncer,
+  resolveInboundDebounceMs,
+  type InboundDebounceCreateParams,
+} from "../auto-reply/inbound-debounce.js";
+import type { OpenClawConfig } from "../config/types.js";
+
+export function shouldDebounceTextInbound(params: {
+  text: string | null | undefined;
+  cfg: OpenClawConfig;
+  hasMedia?: boolean;
+  commandOptions?: CommandNormalizeOptions;
+  allowDebounce?: boolean;
+}): boolean {
+  if (params.allowDebounce === false) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (params.hasMedia) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const text = params.text?.trim() ?? "";
+  if (!text) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return !hasControlCommand(text, params.cfg, params.commandOptions);
+}
+
+export function createChannelInboundDebouncer<T>(
+  params: Omit<InboundDebounceCreateParams<T>, "debounceMs"> & {
+    cfg: OpenClawConfig;
+    channel: string;
+    debounceMsOverride?: number;
+  },
+): {
+  debounceMs: number;
+  debouncer: ReturnType<typeof createInboundDebouncer<T>>;
+} {
+  const debounceMs = resolveInboundDebounceMs({
+    cfg: params.cfg,
+    channel: params.channel,
+    overrideMs: params.debounceMsOverride,
+  });
+  const { cfg: _cfg, channel: _channel, debounceMsOverride: _override, ...rest } = params;
+  const debouncer = createInboundDebouncer<T>({
+    debounceMs,
+    ...rest,
+  });
+  return { debounceMs, debouncer };
+}
diff --git a/src/discord/monitor/message-handler.ts b/src/discord/monitor/message-handler.ts
index 71eb38ca7..0aca2c76a 100644
--- a/src/discord/monitor/message-handler.ts
+++ b/src/discord/monitor/message-handler.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 import type { Client } from "@buape/carbon";
-import { hasControlCommand } from "../../auto-reply/command-detection.js";
 import {
-  createInboundDebouncer,
-  resolveInboundDebounceMs,
-} from "../../auto-reply/inbound-debounce.js";
+  createChannelInboundDebouncer,
+  shouldDebounceTextInbound,
+} from "../../channels/inbound-debounce-policy.js";
 import { resolveOpenProviderRuntimeGroupPolicy } from "../../config/runtime-group-policy.js";
 import { danger } from "../../globals.js";
 import type { DiscordMessageEvent, DiscordMessageHandler } from "./listeners.js";
@@ -33,10 +32,12 @@ export function createDiscordMessageHandler(
     params.discordConfig?.ackReactionScope ??
     params.cfg.messages?.ackReactionScope ??
     "group-mentions";
-  const debounceMs = resolveInboundDebounceMs({ cfg: params.cfg, channel: "discord" });
-
-  const debouncer = createInboundDebouncer<{ data: DiscordMessageEvent; client: Client }>({
-    debounceMs,
+  const { debouncer } = createChannelInboundDebouncer<{
+    data: DiscordMessageEvent;
+    client: Client;
+  }>({
+    cfg: params.cfg,
+    channel: "discord",
     buildKey: (entry) => {
       const message = entry.data.message;
       const authorId = entry.data.author?.id;
@@ -57,17 +58,15 @@ export function createDiscordMessageHandler(
       if (!message) {
         return false;
       }
-      if (message.attachments && message.attachments.length > 0) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (hasDiscordMessageStickers(message)) {
-        return false;
-      }
       const baseText = resolveDiscordMessageText(message, { includeForwarded: false });
-      if (!baseText.trim()) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      return !hasControlCommand(baseText, params.cfg);
+      return shouldDebounceTextInbound({
+        text: baseText,
+        cfg: params.cfg,
+        hasMedia: Boolean(
+          (message.attachments && message.attachments.length > 0) ||
+          hasDiscordMessageStickers(message),
+        ),
+      });
     },
     onFlush: async (entries) => {
       const last = entries.at(-1);
diff --git a/src/gateway/control-ui.ts b/src/gateway/control-ui.ts
index 73d727f15..6075e8281 100644
--- a/src/gateway/control-ui.ts
+++ b/src/gateway/control-ui.ts
@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ import {
 } from "./control-ui-shared.js";
 
 const ROOT_PREFIX = "/";
+const CONTROL_UI_ASSETS_MISSING_MESSAGE =
+  "Control UI assets not found. Build them with `pnpm ui:build` (auto-installs UI deps), or run `pnpm ui:dev` during development.";
 
 export type ControlUiRequestOptions = {
   basePath?: string;
@@ -117,6 +119,31 @@ function sendJson(res: ServerResponse, status: number, body: unknown) {
   res.end(JSON.stringify(body));
 }
 
+function respondControlUiAssetsUnavailable(
+  res: ServerResponse,
+  options?: { configuredRootPath?: string },
+) {
+  if (options?.configuredRootPath) {
+    respondPlainText(
+      res,
+      503,
+      `Control UI assets not found at ${options.configuredRootPath}. Build them with \`pnpm ui:build\` (auto-installs UI deps), or update gateway.controlUi.root.`,
+    );
+    return;
+  }
+  respondPlainText(res, 503, CONTROL_UI_ASSETS_MISSING_MESSAGE);
+}
+
+function respondHeadForFile(req: IncomingMessage, res: ServerResponse, filePath: string): boolean {
+  if (req.method !== "HEAD") {
+    return false;
+  }
+  res.statusCode = 200;
+  setStaticFileHeaders(res, filePath);
+  res.end();
+  return true;
+}
+
 function isValidAgentId(agentId: string): boolean {
   return /^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9_-]{0,63}$/i.test(agentId);
 }
@@ -177,11 +204,7 @@ export function handleControlUiAvatarRequest(
     return true;
   }
   try {
-    if (req.method === "HEAD") {
-      res.statusCode = 200;
-      res.setHeader("Content-Type", contentTypeForExt(path.extname(safeAvatar.path).toLowerCase()));
-      res.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
-      res.end();
+    if (respondHeadForFile(req, res, safeAvatar.path)) {
       return true;
     }
 
@@ -333,19 +356,11 @@ export function handleControlUiHttpRequest(
 
   const rootState = opts?.root;
   if (rootState?.kind === "invalid") {
-    respondPlainText(
-      res,
-      503,
-      `Control UI assets not found at ${rootState.path}. Build them with \`pnpm ui:build\` (auto-installs UI deps), or update gateway.controlUi.root.`,
-    );
+    respondControlUiAssetsUnavailable(res, { configuredRootPath: rootState.path });
     return true;
   }
   if (rootState?.kind === "missing") {
-    respondPlainText(
-      res,
-      503,
-      "Control UI assets not found. Build them with `pnpm ui:build` (auto-installs UI deps), or run `pnpm ui:dev` during development.",
-    );
+    respondControlUiAssetsUnavailable(res);
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -358,11 +373,7 @@ export function handleControlUiHttpRequest(
           cwd: process.cwd(),
         });
   if (!root) {
-    respondPlainText(
-      res,
-      503,
-      "Control UI assets not found. Build them with `pnpm ui:build` (auto-installs UI deps), or run `pnpm ui:dev` during development.",
-    );
+    respondControlUiAssetsUnavailable(res);
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -377,11 +388,7 @@ export function handleControlUiHttpRequest(
     }
   })();
   if (!rootReal) {
-    respondPlainText(
-      res,
-      503,
-      "Control UI assets not found. Build them with `pnpm ui:build` (auto-installs UI deps), or run `pnpm ui:dev` during development.",
-    );
+    respondControlUiAssetsUnavailable(res);
     return true;
   }
 
@@ -413,10 +420,7 @@ export function handleControlUiHttpRequest(
   const safeFile = resolveSafeControlUiFile(rootReal, filePath);
   if (safeFile) {
     try {
-      if (req.method === "HEAD") {
-        res.statusCode = 200;
-        setStaticFileHeaders(res, safeFile.path);
-        res.end();
+      if (respondHeadForFile(req, res, safeFile.path)) {
         return true;
       }
       if (path.basename(safeFile.path) === "index.html") {
@@ -445,10 +449,7 @@ export function handleControlUiHttpRequest(
   const safeIndex = resolveSafeControlUiFile(rootReal, indexPath);
   if (safeIndex) {
     try {
-      if (req.method === "HEAD") {
-        res.statusCode = 200;
-        setStaticFileHeaders(res, safeIndex.path);
-        res.end();
+      if (respondHeadForFile(req, res, safeIndex.path)) {
         return true;
       }
       serveResolvedIndexHtml(res, fs.readFileSync(safeIndex.fd, "utf8"));
diff --git a/src/hooks/internal-hooks.ts b/src/hooks/internal-hooks.ts
index fec142b5d..625261e3c 100644
--- a/src/hooks/internal-hooks.ts
+++ b/src/hooks/internal-hooks.ts
@@ -338,78 +338,111 @@ export function createInternalHookEvent(
   };
 }
 
-export function isAgentBootstrapEvent(event: InternalHookEvent): event is AgentBootstrapHookEvent {
-  if (event.type !== "agent" || event.action !== "bootstrap") {
-    return false;
-  }
-  const context = event.context as Partial<AgentBootstrapHookContext> | null;
+function isHookEventTypeAndAction(
+  event: InternalHookEvent,
+  type: InternalHookEventType,
+  action: string,
+): boolean {
+  return event.type === type && event.action === action;
+}
+
+function getHookContext<T extends Record<string, unknown>>(
+  event: InternalHookEvent,
+): Partial<T> | null {
+  const context = event.context as Partial<T> | null;
   if (!context || typeof context !== "object") {
+    return null;
+  }
+  return context;
+}
+
+function hasStringContextField<T extends Record<string, unknown>>(
+  context: Partial<T>,
+  key: keyof T,
+): boolean {
+  return typeof context[key] === "string";
+}
+
+function hasBooleanContextField<T extends Record<string, unknown>>(
+  context: Partial<T>,
+  key: keyof T,
+): boolean {
+  return typeof context[key] === "boolean";
+}
+
+export function isAgentBootstrapEvent(event: InternalHookEvent): event is AgentBootstrapHookEvent {
+  if (!isHookEventTypeAndAction(event, "agent", "bootstrap")) {
     return false;
   }
-  if (typeof context.workspaceDir !== "string") {
+  const context = getHookContext<AgentBootstrapHookContext>(event);
+  if (!context) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!hasStringContextField(context, "workspaceDir")) {
     return false;
   }
   return Array.isArray(context.bootstrapFiles);
 }
 
 export function isGatewayStartupEvent(event: InternalHookEvent): event is GatewayStartupHookEvent {
-  if (event.type !== "gateway" || event.action !== "startup") {
+  if (!isHookEventTypeAndAction(event, "gateway", "startup")) {
     return false;
   }
-  const context = event.context as GatewayStartupHookContext | null;
-  return Boolean(context && typeof context === "object");
+  return Boolean(getHookContext<GatewayStartupHookContext>(event));
 }
 
 export function isMessageReceivedEvent(
   event: InternalHookEvent,
 ): event is MessageReceivedHookEvent {
-  if (event.type !== "message" || event.action !== "received") {
+  if (!isHookEventTypeAndAction(event, "message", "received")) {
     return false;
   }
-  const context = event.context as Partial<MessageReceivedHookContext> | null;
-  if (!context || typeof context !== "object") {
+  const context = getHookContext<MessageReceivedHookContext>(event);
+  if (!context) {
     return false;
   }
-  return typeof context.from === "string" && typeof context.channelId === "string";
+  return hasStringContextField(context, "from") && hasStringContextField(context, "channelId");
 }
 
 export function isMessageSentEvent(event: InternalHookEvent): event is MessageSentHookEvent {
-  if (event.type !== "message" || event.action !== "sent") {
+  if (!isHookEventTypeAndAction(event, "message", "sent")) {
     return false;
   }
-  const context = event.context as Partial<MessageSentHookContext> | null;
-  if (!context || typeof context !== "object") {
+  const context = getHookContext<MessageSentHookContext>(event);
+  if (!context) {
     return false;
   }
   return (
-    typeof context.to === "string" &&
-    typeof context.channelId === "string" &&
-    typeof context.success === "boolean"
+    hasStringContextField(context, "to") &&
+    hasStringContextField(context, "channelId") &&
+    hasBooleanContextField(context, "success")
   );
 }
 
 export function isMessageTranscribedEvent(
   event: InternalHookEvent,
 ): event is MessageTranscribedHookEvent {
-  if (event.type !== "message" || event.action !== "transcribed") {
+  if (!isHookEventTypeAndAction(event, "message", "transcribed")) {
     return false;
   }
-  const context = event.context as Partial<MessageTranscribedHookContext> | null;
-  if (!context || typeof context !== "object") {
+  const context = getHookContext<MessageTranscribedHookContext>(event);
+  if (!context) {
     return false;
   }
-  return typeof context.transcript === "string" && typeof context.channelId === "string";
+  return (
+    hasStringContextField(context, "transcript") && hasStringContextField(context, "channelId")
+  );
 }
 
 export function isMessagePreprocessedEvent(
   event: InternalHookEvent,
 ): event is MessagePreprocessedHookEvent {
-  if (event.type !== "message" || event.action !== "preprocessed") {
+  if (!isHookEventTypeAndAction(event, "message", "preprocessed")) {
     return false;
   }
-  const context = event.context as Partial<MessagePreprocessedHookContext> | null;
-  if (!context || typeof context !== "object") {
+  const context = getHookContext<MessagePreprocessedHookContext>(event);
+  if (!context) {
     return false;
   }
-  return typeof context.channelId === "string";
+  return hasStringContextField(context, "channelId");
 }
diff --git a/src/imessage/monitor/monitor-provider.ts b/src/imessage/monitor/monitor-provider.ts
index 8a7b62d5c..2ca8d3015 100644
--- a/src/imessage/monitor/monitor-provider.ts
+++ b/src/imessage/monitor/monitor-provider.ts
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import { resolveHumanDelayConfig } from "../../agents/identity.js";
 import { resolveTextChunkLimit } from "../../auto-reply/chunk.js";
-import { hasControlCommand } from "../../auto-reply/command-detection.js";
 import { dispatchInboundMessage } from "../../auto-reply/dispatch.js";
-import {
-  createInboundDebouncer,
-  resolveInboundDebounceMs,
-} from "../../auto-reply/inbound-debounce.js";
 import {
   clearHistoryEntriesIfEnabled,
   DEFAULT_GROUP_HISTORY_LIMIT,
   type HistoryEntry,
 } from "../../auto-reply/reply/history.js";
 import { createReplyDispatcher } from "../../auto-reply/reply/reply-dispatcher.js";
+import {
+  createChannelInboundDebouncer,
+  shouldDebounceTextInbound,
+} from "../../channels/inbound-debounce-policy.js";
 import { createReplyPrefixOptions } from "../../channels/reply-prefix.js";
 import { recordInboundSession } from "../../channels/session.js";
 import { loadConfig } from "../../config/config.js";
@@ -153,9 +152,11 @@ export async function monitorIMessageProvider(opts: MonitorIMessageOpts = {}): P
     }
   }
 
-  const inboundDebounceMs = resolveInboundDebounceMs({ cfg, channel: "imessage" });
-  const inboundDebouncer = createInboundDebouncer<{ message: IMessagePayload }>({
-    debounceMs: inboundDebounceMs,
+  const { debouncer: inboundDebouncer } = createChannelInboundDebouncer<{
+    message: IMessagePayload;
+  }>({
+    cfg,
+    channel: "imessage",
     buildKey: (entry) => {
       const sender = entry.message.sender?.trim();
       if (!sender) {
@@ -168,14 +169,11 @@ export async function monitorIMessageProvider(opts: MonitorIMessageOpts = {}): P
       return `imessage:${accountInfo.accountId}:${conversationId}:${sender}`;
     },
     shouldDebounce: (entry) => {
-      const text = entry.message.text?.trim() ?? "";
-      if (!text) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (entry.message.attachments && entry.message.attachments.length > 0) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      return !hasControlCommand(text, cfg);
+      return shouldDebounceTextInbound({
+        text: entry.message.text,
+        cfg,
+        hasMedia: Boolean(entry.message.attachments && entry.message.attachments.length > 0),
+      });
     },
     onFlush: async (entries) => {
       const last = entries.at(-1);
diff --git a/src/signal/monitor/event-handler.ts b/src/signal/monitor/event-handler.ts
index bb8bfce02..7369a166a 100644
--- a/src/signal/monitor/event-handler.ts
+++ b/src/signal/monitor/event-handler.ts
@@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ import {
   formatInboundFromLabel,
   resolveEnvelopeFormatOptions,
 } from "../../auto-reply/envelope.js";
-import {
-  createInboundDebouncer,
-  resolveInboundDebounceMs,
-} from "../../auto-reply/inbound-debounce.js";
 import {
   buildPendingHistoryContextFromMap,
   clearHistoryEntriesIfEnabled,
@@ -19,6 +15,10 @@ import { finalizeInboundContext } from "../../auto-reply/reply/inbound-context.j
 import { buildMentionRegexes, matchesMentionPatterns } from "../../auto-reply/reply/mentions.js";
 import { createReplyDispatcherWithTyping } from "../../auto-reply/reply/reply-dispatcher.js";
 import { resolveControlCommandGate } from "../../channels/command-gating.js";
+import {
+  createChannelInboundDebouncer,
+  shouldDebounceTextInbound,
+} from "../../channels/inbound-debounce-policy.js";
 import { logInboundDrop, logTypingFailure } from "../../channels/logging.js";
 import { resolveMentionGatingWithBypass } from "../../channels/mention-gating.js";
 import { normalizeSignalMessagingTarget } from "../../channels/plugins/normalize/signal.js";
@@ -57,8 +57,6 @@ import type {
 } from "./event-handler.types.js";
 import { renderSignalMentions } from "./mentions.js";
 export function createSignalEventHandler(deps: SignalEventHandlerDeps) {
-  const inboundDebounceMs = resolveInboundDebounceMs({ cfg: deps.cfg, channel: "signal" });
-
   type SignalInboundEntry = {
     senderName: string;
     senderDisplay: string;
@@ -299,8 +297,9 @@ export function createSignalEventHandler(deps: SignalEventHandlerDeps) {
     }
   }
 
-  const inboundDebouncer = createInboundDebouncer<SignalInboundEntry>({
-    debounceMs: inboundDebounceMs,
+  const { debouncer: inboundDebouncer } = createChannelInboundDebouncer<SignalInboundEntry>({
+    cfg: deps.cfg,
+    channel: "signal",
     buildKey: (entry) => {
       const conversationId = entry.isGroup ? (entry.groupId ?? "unknown") : entry.senderPeerId;
       if (!conversationId || !entry.senderPeerId) {
@@ -309,13 +308,11 @@ export function createSignalEventHandler(deps: SignalEventHandlerDeps) {
       return `signal:${deps.accountId}:${conversationId}:${entry.senderPeerId}`;
     },
     shouldDebounce: (entry) => {
-      if (!entry.bodyText.trim()) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      if (entry.mediaPath || entry.mediaType) {
-        return false;
-      }
-      return !hasControlCommand(entry.bodyText, deps.cfg);
+      return shouldDebounceTextInbound({
+        text: entry.bodyText,
+        cfg: deps.cfg,
+        hasMedia: Boolean(entry.mediaPath || entry.mediaType),
+      });
     },
     onFlush: async (entries) => {
       const last = entries.at(-1);
diff --git a/src/slack/monitor/message-handler.ts b/src/slack/monitor/message-handler.ts
index f5d47400c..647c9a62c 100644
--- a/src/slack/monitor/message-handler.ts
+++ b/src/slack/monitor/message-handler.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-import { hasControlCommand } from "../../auto-reply/command-detection.js";
 import {
-  createInboundDebouncer,
-  resolveInboundDebounceMs,
-} from "../../auto-reply/inbound-debounce.js";
+  createChannelInboundDebouncer,
+  shouldDebounceTextInbound,
+} from "../../channels/inbound-debounce-policy.js";
 import type { ResolvedSlackAccount } from "../accounts.js";
 import type { SlackMessageEvent } from "../types.js";
 import { stripSlackMentionsForCommandDetection } from "./commands.js";
@@ -44,14 +43,12 @@ function buildTopLevelSlackConversationKey(
 
 function shouldDebounceSlackMessage(message: SlackMessageEvent, cfg: SlackMonitorContext["cfg"]) {
   const text = message.text ?? "";
-  if (!text.trim()) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (message.files && message.files.length > 0) {
-    return false;
-  }
   const textForCommandDetection = stripSlackMentionsForCommandDetection(text);
-  return !hasControlCommand(textForCommandDetection, cfg);
+  return shouldDebounceTextInbound({
+    text: textForCommandDetection,
+    cfg,
+    hasMedia: Boolean(message.files && message.files.length > 0),
+  });
 }
 
 /**
@@ -88,15 +85,12 @@ export function createSlackMessageHandler(params: {
   trackEvent?: () => void;
 }): SlackMessageHandler {
   const { ctx, account, trackEvent } = params;
-  const debounceMs = resolveInboundDebounceMs({ cfg: ctx.cfg, channel: "slack" });
-  const threadTsResolver = createSlackThreadTsResolver({ client: ctx.app.client });
-  const pendingTopLevelDebounceKeys = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
-
-  const debouncer = createInboundDebouncer<{
+  const { debounceMs, debouncer } = createChannelInboundDebouncer<{
     message: SlackMessageEvent;
     opts: { source: "message" | "app_mention"; wasMentioned?: boolean };
   }>({
-    debounceMs,
+    cfg: ctx.cfg,
+    channel: "slack",
     buildKey: (entry) => buildSlackDebounceKey(entry.message, ctx.accountId),
     shouldDebounce: (entry) => shouldDebounceSlackMessage(entry.message, ctx.cfg),
     onFlush: async (entries) => {
@@ -156,6 +150,8 @@ export function createSlackMessageHandler(params: {
       ctx.runtime.error?.(`slack inbound debounce flush failed: ${String(err)}`);
     },
   });
+  const threadTsResolver = createSlackThreadTsResolver({ client: ctx.app.client });
+  const pendingTopLevelDebounceKeys = new Map<string, Set<string>>();
 
   return async (message, opts) => {
     if (opts.source === "message" && message.type !== "message") {
diff --git a/src/telegram/bot-handlers.ts b/src/telegram/bot-handlers.ts
index 0b9539895..a71f4cafe 100644
--- a/src/telegram/bot-handlers.ts
+++ b/src/telegram/bot-handlers.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import type { Message, ReactionTypeEmoji } from "@grammyjs/types";
 import { resolveAgentDir, resolveDefaultAgentId } from "../agents/agent-scope.js";
-import { hasControlCommand } from "../auto-reply/command-detection.js";
 import {
   createInboundDebouncer,
   resolveInboundDebounceMs,
@@ -13,6 +12,7 @@ import {
 import { resolveStoredModelOverride } from "../auto-reply/reply/model-selection.js";
 import { listSkillCommandsForAgents } from "../auto-reply/skill-commands.js";
 import { buildCommandsMessagePaginated } from "../auto-reply/status.js";
+import { shouldDebounceTextInbound } from "../channels/inbound-debounce-policy.js";
 import { resolveChannelConfigWrites } from "../channels/plugins/config-writes.js";
 import { loadConfig } from "../config/config.js";
 import { writeConfigFile } from "../config/io.js";
@@ -206,14 +206,18 @@ export const registerTelegramHandlers = ({
     buildKey: (entry) => entry.debounceKey,
     shouldDebounce: (entry) => {
       const text = entry.msg.text ?? entry.msg.caption ?? "";
-      const hasText = text.trim().length > 0;
-      if (hasText && hasControlCommand(text, cfg, { botUsername: entry.botUsername })) {
+      const hasDebounceableText = shouldDebounceTextInbound({
+        text,
+        cfg,
+        commandOptions: { botUsername: entry.botUsername },
+      });
+      if (!hasDebounceableText) {
         return false;
       }
       if (entry.debounceLane === "forward") {
         return true;
       }
-      return entry.allMedia.length === 0 && hasText;
+      return entry.allMedia.length === 0;
     },
     onFlush: async (entries) => {
       const last = entries.at(-1);