openclaw/docs/gateway/gateway-lock.md

---
summary: "Gateway singleton guard using the WebSocket listener bind"
read_when:
  - Running or debugging the gateway process
  - Investigating single-instance enforcement
title: "Gateway Lock"
---

# Gateway lock

Last updated: 2025-12-11

## Why

- Ensure only one gateway instance runs per base port on the same host; additional gateways must use isolated profiles and unique ports.
- Survive crashes/SIGKILL without leaving stale lock files.
- Fail fast with a clear error when the control port is already occupied.

## Mechanism

- The gateway binds the WebSocket listener (default `ws://127.0.0.1:18789`) immediately on startup using an exclusive TCP listener.
- If the bind fails with `EADDRINUSE`, startup throws `GatewayLockError("another gateway instance is already listening on ws://127.0.0.1:<port>")`.
- The OS releases the listener automatically on any process exit, including crashes and SIGKILL—no separate lock file or cleanup step is needed.
- On shutdown the gateway closes the WebSocket server and underlying HTTP server to free the port promptly.

## Error surface

- If another process holds the port, startup throws `GatewayLockError("another gateway instance is already listening on ws://127.0.0.1:<port>")`.
- Other bind failures surface as `GatewayLockError("failed to bind gateway socket on ws://127.0.0.1:<port>: …")`.

## Operational notes

- If the port is occupied by _another_ process, the error is the same; free the port or choose another with `openclaw gateway --port <port>`.
- The macOS app still maintains its own lightweight PID guard before spawning the gateway; the runtime lock is enforced by the WebSocket bind.