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openclaw/docs/gateway/bridge-protocol.md

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2026-01-12 04:44:14 +00:00
---
summary: "Bridge protocol (nodes): TCP JSONL, pairing, scoped RPC"
read_when:
- Building or debugging node clients (iOS/Android/macOS node mode)
- Investigating pairing or bridge auth failures
- Auditing the node surface exposed by the gateway
---
# Bridge protocol (Node transport)
The Bridge protocol is a **narrow, authenticated** transport for nodes
(iOS/Android/macOS node mode). It keeps the Gateway WS control plane loopbackonly
and exposes only a scoped set of methods for nodes.
If you are building an operator client (CLI, web UI, automations), use the
[Gateway protocol](/gateway/protocol).
## Why we have both
- **Security boundary**: the bridge exposes a small allowlist instead of the
full gateway API surface.
- **Pairing + node identity**: node admission is owned by the gateway and tied
to a per-node token.
- **Discovery UX**: nodes can discover gateways via Bonjour on LAN, or connect
directly over a tailnet.
- **Loopback WS**: the full WS control plane stays local unless tunneled via SSH.
## Transport
- TCP, one JSON object per line (JSONL).
- Gateway owns the listener (default `18790`).
## Handshake + pairing
1) Client sends `hello` with node metadata + token (if already paired).
2) If not paired, gateway replies `error` (`NOT_PAIRED`/`UNAUTHORIZED`).
3) Client sends `pair-request`.
4) Gateway waits for approval, then sends `pair-ok` and `hello-ok`.
`hello-ok` returns `serverName` and may include `canvasHostUrl`.
## Frames
Client → Gateway:
- `req` / `res`: scoped gateway RPC (chat, sessions, config, health, voicewake)
- `event`: node signals (voice transcript, agent request, chat subscribe)
Gateway → Client:
- `invoke` / `invoke-res`: node commands (`canvas.*`, `camera.*`, `screen.record`,
`location.get`, `sms.send`)
- `event`: chat updates for subscribed sessions
- `ping` / `pong`: keepalive
Exact allowlist is enforced in `src/gateway/server-bridge.ts`.
## Tailnet usage
- Bind the bridge to a tailnet IP: `bridge.bind: "tailnet"` in
`~/.clawdbot/clawdbot.json`.
- Clients connect via MagicDNS name or tailnet IP.
- Bonjour does **not** cross networks; use manual host/port or wide-area DNSSD
when needed.
## Versioning
Bridge is currently **implicit v1** (no min/max negotiation). Backwardcompat
is expected; add a bridge protocol version field before any breaking changes.