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---
summary: "Slash commands: text vs native, config, and supported commands"
read_when:
- Using or configuring chat commands
- Debugging command routing or permissions
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title: "Slash Commands"
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---
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# Slash commands
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Commands are handled by the Gateway. Most commands must be sent as a **standalone** message that starts with `/` .
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The host-only bash chat command uses `! <cmd>` (with `/bash <cmd>` as an alias).
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There are two related systems:
- **Commands**: standalone `/...` messages.
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- **Directives**: `/think` , `/verbose` , `/reasoning` , `/elevated` , `/exec` , `/model` , `/queue` .
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- Directives are stripped from the message before the model sees it.
- In normal chat messages (not directive-only), they are treated as “inline hints” and do **not** persist session settings.
- In directive-only messages (the message contains only directives), they persist to the session and reply with an acknowledgement.
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- Directives are only applied for **authorized senders** . If `commands.allowFrom` is set, it is the only
allowlist used; otherwise authorization comes from channel allowlists/pairing plus `commands.useAccessGroups` .
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Unauthorized senders see directives treated as plain text.
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There are also a few **inline shortcuts** (allowlisted/authorized senders only): `/help` , `/commands` , `/status` , `/whoami` (`/id` ).
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They run immediately, are stripped before the model sees the message, and the remaining text continues through the normal flow.
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## Config
```json5
{
commands: {
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native: "auto",
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nativeSkills: "auto",
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text: true,
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bash: false,
bashForegroundMs: 2000,
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config: false,
debug: false,
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restart: false,
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allowFrom: {
"*": ["user1"],
discord: ["user:123"],
},
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useAccessGroups: true,
},
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}
```
- `commands.text` (default `true` ) enables parsing `/...` in chat messages.
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- On surfaces without native commands (WhatsApp/WebChat/Signal/iMessage/Google Chat/MS Teams), text commands still work even if you set this to `false` .
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- `commands.native` (default `"auto"` ) registers native commands.
- Auto: on for Discord/Telegram; off for Slack (until you add slash commands); ignored for providers without native support.
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- Set `channels.discord.commands.native` , `channels.telegram.commands.native` , or `channels.slack.commands.native` to override per provider (bool or `"auto"` ).
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- `false` clears previously registered commands on Discord/Telegram at startup. Slack commands are managed in the Slack app and are not removed automatically.
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- `commands.nativeSkills` (default `"auto"` ) registers **skill** commands natively when supported.
- Auto: on for Discord/Telegram; off for Slack (Slack requires creating a slash command per skill).
- Set `channels.discord.commands.nativeSkills` , `channels.telegram.commands.nativeSkills` , or `channels.slack.commands.nativeSkills` to override per provider (bool or `"auto"` ).
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- `commands.bash` (default `false` ) enables `! <cmd>` to run host shell commands (`/bash <cmd>` is an alias; requires `tools.elevated` allowlists).
- `commands.bashForegroundMs` (default `2000` ) controls how long bash waits before switching to background mode (`0` backgrounds immediately).
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- `commands.config` (default `false` ) enables `/config` (reads/writes `openclaw.json` ).
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- `commands.debug` (default `false` ) enables `/debug` (runtime-only overrides).
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- `commands.allowFrom` (optional) sets a per-provider allowlist for command authorization. When configured, it is the
only authorization source for commands and directives (channel allowlists/pairing and `commands.useAccessGroups`
are ignored). Use `"*"` for a global default; provider-specific keys override it.
- `commands.useAccessGroups` (default `true` ) enforces allowlists/policies for commands when `commands.allowFrom` is not set.
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## Command list
Text + native (when enabled):
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- `/help`
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- `/commands`
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- `/skill <name> [input]` (run a skill by name)
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- `/status` (show current status; includes provider usage/quota for the current model provider when available)
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- `/allowlist` (list/add/remove allowlist entries)
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- `/approve <id> allow-once|allow-always|deny` (resolve exec approval prompts)
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- `/context [list|detail|json]` (explain “context”; `detail` shows per-file + per-tool + per-skill + system prompt size)
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- `/export-session [path]` (alias: `/export` ) (export current session to HTML with full system prompt)
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- `/whoami` (show your sender id; alias: `/id` )
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- `/subagents list|kill|log|info|send|steer|spawn` (inspect, control, or spawn sub-agent runs for the current session)
Agents: add nested subagent orchestration controls and reduce subagent token waste (#14447)
* Agents: add subagent orchestration controls
* Agents: add subagent orchestration controls (WIP uncommitted changes)
* feat(subagents): add depth-based spawn gating for sub-sub-agents
* feat(subagents): tool policy, registry, and announce chain for nested agents
* feat(subagents): system prompt, docs, changelog for nested sub-agents
* fix(subagents): prevent model fallback override, show model during active runs, and block context overflow fallback
Bug 1: When a session has an explicit model override (e.g., gpt/openai-codex),
the fallback candidate logic in resolveFallbackCandidates silently appended the
global primary model (opus) as a backstop. On reinjection/steer with a transient
error, the session could fall back to opus which has a smaller context window
and crash. Fix: when storedModelOverride is set, pass fallbacksOverride ?? []
instead of undefined, preventing the implicit primary backstop.
Bug 2: Active subagents showed 'model n/a' in /subagents list because
resolveModelDisplay only read entry.model/modelProvider (populated after run
completes). Fix: fall back to modelOverride/providerOverride fields which are
populated at spawn time via sessions.patch.
Bug 3: Context overflow errors (prompt too long, context_length_exceeded) could
theoretically escape runEmbeddedPiAgent and be treated as failover candidates
in runWithModelFallback, causing a switch to a model with a smaller context
window. Fix: in runWithModelFallback, detect context overflow errors via
isLikelyContextOverflowError and rethrow them immediately instead of trying the
next model candidate.
* fix(subagents): track spawn depth in session store and fix announce routing for nested agents
* Fix compaction status tracking and dedupe overflow compaction triggers
* fix(subagents): enforce depth block via session store and implement cascade kill
* fix: inject group chat context into system prompt
* fix(subagents): always write model to session store at spawn time
* Preserve spawnDepth when agent handler rewrites session entry
* fix(subagents): suppress announce on steer-restart
* fix(subagents): fallback spawned session model to runtime default
* fix(subagents): enforce spawn depth when caller key resolves by sessionId
* feat(subagents): implement active-first ordering for numeric targets and enhance task display
- Added a test to verify that subagents with numeric targets follow an active-first list ordering.
- Updated `resolveSubagentTarget` to sort subagent runs based on active status and recent activity.
- Enhanced task display in command responses to prevent truncation of long task descriptions.
- Introduced new utility functions for compacting task text and managing subagent run states.
* fix(subagents): show model for active runs via run record fallback
When the spawned model matches the agent's default model, the session
store's override fields are intentionally cleared (isDefault: true).
The model/modelProvider fields are only populated after the run
completes. This left active subagents showing 'model n/a'.
Fix: store the resolved model on SubagentRunRecord at registration
time, and use it as a fallback in both display paths (subagents tool
and /subagents command) when the session store entry has no model info.
Changes:
- SubagentRunRecord: add optional model field
- registerSubagentRun: accept and persist model param
- sessions-spawn-tool: pass resolvedModel to registerSubagentRun
- subagents-tool: pass run record model as fallback to resolveModelDisplay
- commands-subagents: pass run record model as fallback to resolveModelDisplay
* feat(chat): implement session key resolution and reset on sidebar navigation
- Added functions to resolve the main session key and reset chat state when switching sessions from the sidebar.
- Updated the `renderTab` function to handle session key changes when navigating to the chat tab.
- Introduced a test to verify that the session resets to "main" when opening chat from the sidebar navigation.
* fix: subagent timeout=0 passthrough and fallback prompt duplication
Bug 1: runTimeoutSeconds=0 now means 'no timeout' instead of applying 600s default
- sessions-spawn-tool: default to undefined (not 0) when neither timeout param
is provided; use != null check so explicit 0 passes through to gateway
- agent.ts: accept 0 as valid timeout (resolveAgentTimeoutMs already handles
0 → MAX_SAFE_TIMEOUT_MS)
Bug 2: model fallback no longer re-injects the original prompt as a duplicate
- agent.ts: track fallback attempt index; on retries use a short continuation
message instead of the full original prompt since the session file already
contains it from the first attempt
- Also skip re-sending images on fallback retries (already in session)
* feat(subagents): truncate long task descriptions in subagents command output
- Introduced a new utility function to format task previews, limiting their length to improve readability.
- Updated the command handler to use the new formatting function, ensuring task descriptions are truncated appropriately.
- Adjusted related tests to verify that long task descriptions are now truncated in the output.
* refactor(subagents): update subagent registry path resolution and improve command output formatting
- Replaced direct import of STATE_DIR with a utility function to resolve the state directory dynamically.
- Enhanced the formatting of command output for active and recent subagents, adding separators for better readability.
- Updated related tests to reflect changes in command output structure.
* fix(subagent): default sessions_spawn to no timeout when runTimeoutSeconds omitted
The previous fix (75a791106) correctly handled the case where
runTimeoutSeconds was explicitly set to 0 ("no timeout"). However,
when models omit the parameter entirely (which is common since the
schema marks it as optional), runTimeoutSeconds resolved to undefined.
undefined flowed through the chain as:
sessions_spawn → timeout: undefined (since undefined != null is false)
→ gateway agent handler → agentCommand opts.timeout: undefined
→ resolveAgentTimeoutMs({ overrideSeconds: undefined })
→ DEFAULT_AGENT_TIMEOUT_SECONDS (600s = 10 minutes)
This caused subagents to be killed at exactly 10 minutes even though
the user's intent (via TOOLS.md) was for subagents to run without a
timeout.
Fix: default runTimeoutSeconds to 0 (no timeout) when neither
runTimeoutSeconds nor timeoutSeconds is provided by the caller.
Subagent spawns are long-running by design and should not inherit the
600s agent-command default timeout.
* fix(subagent): accept timeout=0 in agent-via-gateway path (second 600s default)
* fix: thread timeout override through getReplyFromConfig dispatch path
getReplyFromConfig called resolveAgentTimeoutMs({ cfg }) with no override,
always falling back to the config default (600s). Add timeoutOverrideSeconds
to GetReplyOptions and pass it through as overrideSeconds so callers of the
dispatch chain can specify a custom timeout (0 = no timeout).
This complements the existing timeout threading in agentCommand and the
cron isolated-agent runner, which already pass overrideSeconds correctly.
* feat(model-fallback): normalize OpenAI Codex model references and enhance fallback handling
- Added normalization for OpenAI Codex model references, specifically converting "gpt-5.3-codex" to "openai-codex" before execution.
- Updated the `resolveFallbackCandidates` function to utilize the new normalization logic.
- Enhanced tests to verify the correct behavior of model normalization and fallback mechanisms.
- Introduced a new test case to ensure that the normalization process works as expected for various input formats.
* feat(tests): add unit tests for steer failure behavior in openclaw-tools
- Introduced a new test file to validate the behavior of subagents when steer replacement dispatch fails.
- Implemented tests to ensure that the announce behavior is restored correctly and that the suppression reason is cleared as expected.
- Enhanced the subagent registry with a new function to clear steer restart suppression.
- Updated related components to support the new test scenarios.
* fix(subagents): replace stop command with kill in slash commands and documentation
- Updated the `/subagents` command to replace `stop` with `kill` for consistency in controlling sub-agent runs.
- Modified related documentation to reflect the change in command usage.
- Removed legacy timeoutSeconds references from the sessions-spawn-tool schema and tests to streamline timeout handling.
- Enhanced tests to ensure correct behavior of the updated commands and their interactions.
* feat(tests): add unit tests for readLatestAssistantReply function
- Introduced a new test file for the `readLatestAssistantReply` function to validate its behavior with various message scenarios.
- Implemented tests to ensure the function correctly retrieves the latest assistant message and handles cases where the latest message has no text.
- Mocked the gateway call to simulate different message histories for comprehensive testing.
* feat(tests): enhance subagent kill-all cascade tests and announce formatting
- Added a new test to verify that the `kill-all` command cascades through ended parents to active descendants in subagents.
- Updated the subagent announce formatting tests to reflect changes in message structure, including the replacement of "Findings:" with "Result:" and the addition of new expectations for message content.
- Improved the handling of long findings and stats in the announce formatting logic to ensure concise output.
- Refactored related functions to enhance clarity and maintainability in the subagent registry and tools.
* refactor(subagent): update announce formatting and remove unused constants
- Modified the subagent announce formatting to replace "Findings:" with "Result:" and adjusted related expectations in tests.
- Removed constants for maximum announce findings characters and summary words, simplifying the announcement logic.
- Updated the handling of findings to retain full content instead of truncating, ensuring more informative outputs.
- Cleaned up unused imports in the commands-subagents file to enhance code clarity.
* feat(tests): enhance billing error handling in user-facing text
- Added tests to ensure that normal text mentioning billing plans is not rewritten, preserving user context.
- Updated the `isBillingErrorMessage` and `sanitizeUserFacingText` functions to improve handling of billing-related messages.
- Introduced new test cases for various scenarios involving billing messages to ensure accurate processing and output.
- Enhanced the subagent announce flow to correctly manage active descendant runs, preventing premature announcements.
* feat(subagent): enhance workflow guidance and auto-announcement clarity
- Added a new guideline in the subagent system prompt to emphasize trust in push-based completion, discouraging busy polling for status updates.
- Updated documentation to clarify that sub-agents will automatically announce their results, improving user understanding of the workflow.
- Enhanced tests to verify the new guidance on avoiding polling loops and to ensure the accuracy of the updated prompts.
* fix(cron): avoid announcing interim subagent spawn acks
* chore: clean post-rebase imports
* fix(cron): fall back to child replies when parent stays interim
* fix(subagents): make active-run guidance advisory
* fix(subagents): update announce flow to handle active descendants and enhance test coverage
- Modified the announce flow to defer announcements when active descendant runs are present, ensuring accurate status reporting.
- Updated tests to verify the new behavior, including scenarios where no fallback requester is available and ensuring proper handling of finished subagents.
- Enhanced the announce formatting to include an `expectFinal` flag for better clarity in the announcement process.
* fix(subagents): enhance announce flow and formatting for user updates
- Updated the announce flow to provide clearer instructions for user updates based on active subagent runs and requester context.
- Refactored the announcement logic to improve clarity and ensure internal context remains private.
- Enhanced tests to verify the new message expectations and formatting, including updated prompts for user-facing updates.
- Introduced a new function to build reply instructions based on session context, improving the overall announcement process.
* fix: resolve prep blockers and changelog placement (#14447) (thanks @tyler6204)
* fix: restore cron delivery-plan import after rebase (#14447) (thanks @tyler6204)
* fix: resolve test failures from rebase conflicts (#14447) (thanks @tyler6204)
* fix: apply formatting after rebase (#14447) (thanks @tyler6204)
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- `/kill <id|#|all>` (immediately abort one or all running sub-agents for this session; no confirmation message)
- `/steer <id|#> <message>` (steer a running sub-agent immediately: in-run when possible, otherwise abort current work and restart on the steer message)
- `/tell <id|#> <message>` (alias for `/steer` )
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- `/config show|get|set|unset` (persist config to disk, owner-only; requires `commands.config: true` )
- `/debug show|set|unset|reset` (runtime overrides, owner-only; requires `commands.debug: true` )
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- `/usage off|tokens|full|cost` (per-response usage footer or local cost summary)
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- `/tts off|always|inbound|tagged|status|provider|limit|summary|audio` (control TTS; see [/tts ](/tts ))
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- Discord: native command is `/voice` (Discord reserves `/tts` ); text `/tts` still works.
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- `/stop`
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- `/restart`
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- `/dock-telegram` (alias: `/dock_telegram` ) (switch replies to Telegram)
- `/dock-discord` (alias: `/dock_discord` ) (switch replies to Discord)
- `/dock-slack` (alias: `/dock_slack` ) (switch replies to Slack)
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- `/activation mention|always` (groups only)
- `/send on|off|inherit` (owner-only)
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- `/reset` or `/new [model]` (optional model hint; remainder is passed through)
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- `/think <off|minimal|low|medium|high|xhigh>` (dynamic choices by model/provider; aliases: `/thinking` , `/t` )
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- `/verbose on|full|off` (alias: `/v` )
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- `/reasoning on|off|stream` (alias: `/reason` ; when on, sends a separate message prefixed `Reasoning:` ; `stream` = Telegram draft only)
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- `/elevated on|off|ask|full` (alias: `/elev` ; `full` skips exec approvals)
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- `/exec host=<sandbox|gateway|node> security=<deny|allowlist|full> ask=<off|on-miss|always> node=<id>` (send `/exec` to show current)
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- `/model <name>` (alias: `/models` ; or `/<alias>` from `agents.defaults.models.*.alias` )
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- `/queue <mode>` (plus options like `debounce:2s cap:25 drop:summarize` ; send `/queue` to see current settings)
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- `/bash <command>` (host-only; alias for `! <command>` ; requires `commands.bash: true` + `tools.elevated` allowlists)
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Text-only:
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- `/compact [instructions]` (see [/concepts/compaction ](/concepts/compaction ))
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- `! <command>` (host-only; one at a time; use `!poll` + `!stop` for long-running jobs)
- `!poll` (check output / status; accepts optional `sessionId` ; `/bash poll` also works)
- `!stop` (stop the running bash job; accepts optional `sessionId` ; `/bash stop` also works)
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Notes:
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- Commands accept an optional `:` between the command and args (e.g. `/think: high` , `/send: on` , `/help:` ).
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- `/new <model>` accepts a model alias, `provider/model` , or a provider name (fuzzy match); if no match, the text is treated as the message body.
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- For full provider usage breakdown, use `openclaw status --usage` .
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- `/allowlist add|remove` requires `commands.config=true` and honors channel `configWrites` .
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- `/usage` controls the per-response usage footer; `/usage cost` prints a local cost summary from OpenClaw session logs.
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- `/restart` is enabled by default; set `commands.restart: false` to disable it.
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- Discord-only native command: `/vc join|leave|status` controls voice channels (requires `channels.discord.voice` and native commands; not available as text).
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- `/verbose` is meant for debugging and extra visibility; keep it **off** in normal use.
- `/reasoning` (and `/verbose` ) are risky in group settings: they may reveal internal reasoning or tool output you did not intend to expose. Prefer leaving them off, especially in group chats.
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- **Fast path:** command-only messages from allowlisted senders are handled immediately (bypass queue + model).
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- **Group mention gating:** command-only messages from allowlisted senders bypass mention requirements.
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- **Inline shortcuts (allowlisted senders only):** certain commands also work when embedded in a normal message and are stripped before the model sees the remaining text.
- Example: `hey /status` triggers a status reply, and the remaining text continues through the normal flow.
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- Currently: `/help` , `/commands` , `/status` , `/whoami` (`/id` ).
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- Unauthorized command-only messages are silently ignored, and inline `/...` tokens are treated as plain text.
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- **Skill commands:** `user-invocable` skills are exposed as slash commands. Names are sanitized to `a-z0-9_` (max 32 chars); collisions get numeric suffixes (e.g. `_2` ).
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- `/skill <name> [input]` runs a skill by name (useful when native command limits prevent per-skill commands).
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- By default, skill commands are forwarded to the model as a normal request.
- Skills may optionally declare `command-dispatch: tool` to route the command directly to a tool (deterministic, no model).
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- Example: `/prose` (OpenProse plugin) — see [OpenProse ](/prose ).
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- **Native command arguments:** Discord uses autocomplete for dynamic options (and button menus when you omit required args). Telegram and Slack show a button menu when a command supports choices and you omit the arg.
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## Usage surfaces (what shows where)
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- **Provider usage/quota** (example: “Claude 80% left”) shows up in `/status` for the current model provider when usage tracking is enabled.
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- **Per-response tokens/cost** is controlled by `/usage off|tokens|full` (appended to normal replies).
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- `/model status` is about **models/auth/endpoints** , not usage.
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## Model selection (`/model`)
`/model` is implemented as a directive.
Examples:
```
/model
/model list
/model 3
/model openai/gpt-5.2
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/model opus@anthropic:default
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/model status
```
Notes:
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- `/model` and `/model list` show a compact, numbered picker (model family + available providers).
- `/model <#>` selects from that picker (and prefers the current provider when possible).
- `/model status` shows the detailed view, including configured provider endpoint (`baseUrl` ) and API mode (`api` ) when available.
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## Debug overrides
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`/debug` lets you set **runtime-only** config overrides (memory, not disk). Owner-only. Disabled by default; enable with `commands.debug: true` .
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Examples:
```
/debug show
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/debug set messages.responsePrefix="[openclaw]"
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/debug set channels.whatsapp.allowFrom=["+1555","+4477"]
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/debug unset messages.responsePrefix
/debug reset
```
Notes:
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- Overrides apply immediately to new config reads, but do **not** write to `openclaw.json` .
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- Use `/debug reset` to clear all overrides and return to the on-disk config.
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## Config updates
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`/config` writes to your on-disk config (`openclaw.json` ). Owner-only. Disabled by default; enable with `commands.config: true` .
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Examples:
```
/config show
/config show messages.responsePrefix
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/config get messages.responsePrefix
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/config set messages.responsePrefix="[openclaw]"
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/config unset messages.responsePrefix
```
Notes:
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- Config is validated before write; invalid changes are rejected.
- `/config` updates persist across restarts.
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## Surface notes
- **Text commands** run in the normal chat session (DMs share `main` , groups have their own session).
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- **Native commands** use isolated sessions:
- Discord: `agent:<agentId>:discord:slash:<userId>`
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- Slack: `agent:<agentId>:slack:slash:<userId>` (prefix configurable via `channels.slack.slashCommand.sessionPrefix` )
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- Telegram: `telegram:slash:<userId>` (targets the chat session via `CommandTargetSessionKey` )
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- **`/stop` ** targets the active chat session so it can abort the current run.
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- **Slack:** `channels.slack.slashCommand` is still supported for a single `/openclaw` -style command. If you enable `commands.native` , you must create one Slack slash command per built-in command (same names as `/help` ). Command argument menus for Slack are delivered as ephemeral Block Kit buttons.
