openclaw/docs/browser-linux-troubleshooting.md

---
summary: "Fix Chrome/Chromium CDP startup issues for Clawdbot browser control on Linux"
read_when: "Browser control fails on Linux, especially with snap Chromium"
---

# Browser Troubleshooting (Linux)

## Problem: "Failed to start Chrome CDP on port 18800"

Clawdbot's browser control server fails to launch Chrome/Chromium with the error:
```
{"error":"Error: Failed to start Chrome CDP on port 18800 for profile \"clawd\"."}
```

### Root Cause

On Ubuntu (and many Linux distros), the default Chromium installation is a **snap package**. Snap's AppArmor confinement interferes with how Clawdbot spawns and monitors the browser process.

The `apt install chromium` command installs a stub package that redirects to snap:
```
Note, selecting 'chromium-browser' instead of 'chromium'
chromium-browser is already the newest version (2:1snap1-0ubuntu2).
```

This is NOT a real browser — it's just a wrapper.

### Solution 1: Install Google Chrome (Recommended)

Install the official Google Chrome `.deb` package, which is not sandboxed by snap:

```bash
wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo apt --fix-broken install -y  # if there are dependency errors
```

Then update your Clawdbot config (`~/.clawdbot/clawdbot.json`):

```json
{
  "browser": {
    "enabled": true,
    "executablePath": "/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable",
    "headless": true,
    "noSandbox": true
  }
}
```

### Solution 2: Use Snap Chromium with Attach-Only Mode

If you must use snap Chromium, configure Clawdbot to attach to a manually-started browser:

1. Update config:
```json
{
  "browser": {
    "enabled": true,
    "attachOnly": true,
    "headless": true,
    "noSandbox": true
  }
}
```

2. Start Chromium manually:
```bash
chromium-browser --headless --no-sandbox --disable-gpu \
  --remote-debugging-port=18800 \
  --user-data-dir=$HOME/.clawdbot/browser/clawd/user-data \
  about:blank &
```

3. Optionally create a systemd user service to auto-start Chrome:
```ini
# ~/.config/systemd/user/clawd-browser.service
[Unit]
Description=Clawd Browser (Chrome CDP)
After=network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/snap/bin/chromium --headless --no-sandbox --disable-gpu --remote-debugging-port=18800 --user-data-dir=%h/.clawdbot/browser/clawd/user-data about:blank
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
```

Enable with: `systemctl --user enable --now clawd-browser.service`

### Verifying the Browser Works

Check status:
```bash
curl -s http://127.0.0.1:18791/ | jq '{running, pid, chosenBrowser}'
```

Test browsing:
```bash
curl -s -X POST http://127.0.0.1:18791/start
curl -s http://127.0.0.1:18791/tabs
```

### Config Reference

| Option | Description | Default |
|--------|-------------|---------|
| `browser.enabled` | Enable browser control | `true` |
| `browser.executablePath` | Path to Chrome/Chromium binary | auto-detected |
| `browser.headless` | Run without GUI | `false` |
| `browser.noSandbox` | Add `--no-sandbox` flag (needed for some Linux setups) | `false` |
| `browser.attachOnly` | Don't launch browser, only attach to existing | `false` |
| `browser.cdpPort` | Chrome DevTools Protocol port | `18800` |